ABSTRACT

In this study, 117 adolescents (12–19 years) from three groups (39 each), two groups from adverse caregiving environments as placed in residential-care (RC; i.e. istitutions) or late-adopted (LA; i.e. adopted after 12 months), and one of low-risk community adolescents (COM), were compared for the attachment distribution of categories in the Friends and Family Interview (FFI), and in several attachment-related domains where RC and LA showed difficulties during childhood. Only institutionalized adolescents showed more insecure and disorganized categories than both late-adopted and community peers, who did not differ. In the attachment-related domains, only RCs showed lower coherence, reflective functioning, secure-base/safe-haven parents, social and school competence, adaptive response, and more parental anger and derogation than the other two groups. Late-adoptees only showed higher hostility towards sibling(s) than COM.Therefore, only residential-care adolescents were at “high-risk” in attachment, but the analysis of attachment-related domains helped to detect vulnerabilities in both groups.

摘要

在这项研究中，来自三组（每组 39 人）的 117 名青少年（12-19 岁），两组来自不利的照护环境，被安置在寄宿照护（RC；即机构）或晚收养（LA；即在 12 个月后收养） ) 和低风险社区青少年 (COM) 之一，在朋友和家庭访谈 (FFI) 中的类别依恋分布以及 RC 和 LA 在童年时期表现出困难的几个依恋相关领域进行了比较。只有制度化的青少年表现出比晚收养和社区同龄人更不安全和杂乱无章的类别，后者没有差异。在依恋相关领域，只有 RC 表现出较低的连贯性、反思功能、安全基础/避风港父母、社会和学校能力、适应性反应、以及比其他两组更多的父母的愤怒和贬损。晚收养者对兄弟姐妹的敌意仅高于 COM。因此，只有寄宿照料的青少年在依恋中处于“高风险”，但对依恋相关领域的分析有助于发现两组的脆弱性。