ABSTRACT

Why do local governments produce redistributive urban policies, particularly in cities of the Global South? Present debates oscillate between highlighting these cities’ governmental problems or sustaining the enabling role of institutionalized social participation. From the standpoint of São Paulo, Brazil, this article shows a different picture. The trajectories of 27 redistributive urban programs follow a conflictive and incremental expansion and diversification of redistributive policies through time. Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) techniques indicate that program creation usually happened in left-wing administrations. Most of them were maintained after government swings, although at lower pace, due mainly to the pressure of political competition, but also on account of multi-level politics and policy routinization. Even previously discontinued programs tended to reemerge later, due to the embeddedness of civil society actors in policy communities and multi-level politics. Therefore, trajectories were explained by a combination of partisan politics and median voter mechanisms with policy production processes and actors.

摘要

为什么地方政府制定再分配城市政策，尤其是在全球南方的城市？目前的争论在强调这些城市的政府问题或维持制度化社会参与的促进作用之间摇摆不定。站在巴西圣保罗的立场，这篇文章展示了不同的画面。27 个再分配城市项目的轨迹遵循再分配政策随时间的冲突和渐进扩展和多样化。定性比较分析 (QCA) 技术表明，项目创建通常发生在左翼政府中。其中大部分在政府换届后得以维持，但速度较慢，主要是由于政治竞争的压力，但也有多层次政治和政策常规化的原因。由于民间社会行为者嵌入政策社区和多层次政治中，甚至以前停止的项目也往往会在以后重新出现。因此，轨迹可以通过党派政治和中间选民机制与政策制定过程和参与者的结合来解释。