ABSTRACT

This study analyses the differences in self-rated health (SRH) and self-rated anxiety (SRA) among the countries of the Euro-Area through the European Working Conditions Survey (2015). The article, thus, proposes a grouping of countries based on the Global Gender Gap Index, developed by the World Economic Forum, to justify differences in SRH and SRA. The descriptive analysis demonstrates remarkable differences among countries. The gender response pattern is also different. The estimates, made using the odds ratio method, reveal that women are more likely to report higher anxiety than poor health (56% vs 25%). The estimates show that in those countries where the situation of women compares unfavourably to that of men, the probability of women reporting poorer health status is higher. The situation with SRA, however, is different. In those countries with greater economic and political equality, the probability of women suffering anxiety increases. It is feasible that economic gender equality, which often results in greater incorporation of women in the labour market, could negatively affect SRA if women assume increased workloads and responsibility while maintaining the tasks associated with caring for home and family.

摘要

本研究通过欧洲工作条件调查（2015 年）分析了欧元区国家在健康自评 (SRH) 和焦虑自评 (SRA) 方面的差异。因此，本文根据世界经济论坛制定的全球性别差距指数提出了一组国家，以证明 SRH 和 SRA 的差异是合理的。描述性分析表明各国之间存在显着差异。性别反应模式也不同。使用优势比方法进行的估计表明，与健康状况不佳相比，女性更有可能报告更高的焦虑（56% 对 25%）。估计表明，在那些女性状况不如男性的国家，女性报告健康状况较差的可能性更高。但是，SRA 的情况有所不同。在经济和政治更加平等的国家，女性患焦虑症的可能性增加。如果女性承担更多的工作量和责任，同时维持与照顾家庭和家庭相关的任务，那么经济性别平等通常会导致女性更多地融入劳动力市场，这可能会对 SRA 产生负面影响。