ABSTRACT

This article examines the relationship between academic freedom and authoritarianism in Turkey. While not a new problem in the Turkish context, academic freedom has come particularly under attack following the attempted military coup on 15 July 2016, as well as with the Turkish intervention in the Syrian conflict. This paper is focused on scholars and academics currently working in Turkish universities. The paper explores the following questions: (1) how do these scholars define academic freedom in Turkey; (2) what is the relationship between universities and the Turkish society; (3) what are the changes that higher education is facing following the 2016 coup d’etat, in particular, in terms of pressures and barriers to academic production; (4) how do attacks affect scholars’ possibilities to create, lecture, and resist government’s policies? Drawing on Gramsci’s theory of intellectuals and his notion of hegemony, as well as Foucault’s theory of power and/as knowledge, we explore the relationship between authority and knowledge. We argue that the government’s aggressive politics against Turkish scholars is a result of the failure to consolidate its power and hegemony through knowledge, and to establish an intellectual base in a Gramscian fashion.

摘要

本文考察了土耳其学术自由与威权主义之间的关系。虽然在土耳其背景下不是一个新问题，但学术自由在 2016 年 7 月 15 日未遂军事政变以及土耳其干预叙利亚冲突后尤其受到攻击。本文重点关注目前在土耳其大学工作的学者和学者。本文探讨了以下问题：（1）这些学者如何定义土耳其的学术自由；（2）大学与土耳其社会的关系是什么；（3）高等教育在2016年政变之后面临哪些变化，特别是在学术生产的压力和障碍方面；(4) 攻击如何影响学者创造、演讲、并抵制政府的政策？我们借鉴葛兰西的知识分子理论和霸权观，以及福柯的权力和/作为知识理论，探讨权威与知识的关系。我们认为，政府对土耳其学者的侵略性政治是未能通过知识巩固其权力和霸权，并未能在葛兰西时尚。