We established realness as the relatively stable tendency to act on the outside the way one feels on the inside, without regard for proximal personal or social consequences. In nine studies, we showed that realness is a) a core feature of individual differences in authenticity, b) generally adaptive but largely unrelated to agreeableness, c) highly stable, d) reliably observable in dyadic behavior, and e) predictive of responses to situations with potential for personal or social costs. Informants both perceive agreeable motives in real behavior and recognize that being real can be disagreeable. We concluded that realness represents an important individual difference construct that is foundational for authentic social behavior, and that being real comes with both costs and benefits.

我们将现实确立为一种相对稳定的趋势，即人们以一种内在的感觉在外部行动，而不考虑近端的个人或社会后果。在9项研究中，我们表明真实性是a）真实性个体差异的一个核心特征，b）一般具有适应性，但在很大程度上与认同感无关，c）高度稳定，d）在二元行为中可靠地观察到，以及e）预测对行为的反应具有潜在的个人或社会成本的情况。信息提供者既可以感知真实行为的动机，也可以认识到真实存在是令人讨厌的。我们得出的结论是，真实性代表着重要的个体差异构造，是真正的社会行为的基础，而真实性既带来成本也带来收益。