Double verb constructions known as hendiadys have been studied primarily in literary texts and corpora of written language. Much less is known about their properties and usage in spoken language, where expressions such as ‘come and see’, ‘go and tell’, ‘sit and talk’ are particularly common, and where we can find an even richer diversity of other constructions. In this study, we investigate hendiadys in corpora of naturally occurring social interactions in four languages, Danish, English (US and UK), Finnish and Italian, with the objective of exploring whether hendiadys is used systematically in recurrent interactional and sequential circumstances, from which it is possible to identify the pragmatic function(s) that hendiadys may serve. Examining hendiadys in conversation also offers us a special window into its grammatical properties, for example when a speaker self-corrects from a non-hendiadic to a hendiadic expression, exposing the boundary between related grammatical forms and demonstrating the distinctiveness of hendiadys in context. More broadly, we demonstrate that hendiadys is systematically associated with talk about complainable matters, in environments characterised by a conflict, dissonance, or friction that is ongoing in the interaction or that is being reported by one participant to another. We also find that the utterance in which hendiadys is used is typically in a subsequent and possibly terminal position in the sequence, summarising or concluding it. Another key finding is that the complainable or conflictual element in these interactions is expressed primarily by the first conjunct of the hendiadic construction. Whilst the first conjunct is semantically subsidiary to the second, it is pragmatically the most important one. This analysis leads us to revisit a long-established asymmetry between the verbal components of hendiadys, and to bring to light the synergy of grammar and pragmatics in language usage.

双动词构造被称为hendiadys主要研究文学文本和书面语料库。人们对它们的特性和在口语中的用法知之甚少，其中诸如“见与见”，“见与说”，“坐与谈”之类的表达尤为普遍，而在其他结构中我们可以找到更丰富的多样性。在这项研究中，我们以四种语言（丹麦语，英语（美国和英国），芬兰语和意大利语）调查自然发生的社交活动中的hendiadys，目的是探讨hendiadys是否在经常性的互动和顺序环境中被系统地使用，从中可以确定亨迪氏病可能发挥的实用功能。检查对话中的hendiadys还为我们提供了一个了解其语法特性的特殊窗口，例如，当说话者将自己从非hendicical转换为hendiadic表达式时，暴露了相关语法形式之间的边界，并在上下文中展示了hendiadys的独特性。从更广泛的意义上讲，我们证明，在互动过程中持续存在或被一个参与者报告给另一参与者的，以冲突，不和谐或摩擦为特征的环境中，hendiadys与讨论可投诉事项有系统地关联。我们还发现，使用hendiadys的话语通常位于序列中的后续位置，也可能是最终位置，以对其进行概括或总结。另一个重要发现是，这些互动中可抱怨或冲突的元素主要由变音符结构的第一个合取词表示。虽然第一个合取词在语义上是第二个合取词的辅助，但在实用上它是最重要的一个。这种分析使我们重新审视了hendiadys言语成分之间长期存在的不对称性，并揭示了语法和语用学在语言使用中的协同作用。