Sclerochronology is a method used to estimate the season of death (season of capture) of archaeological individuals based on a modern growth model. This method has been increasingly accepted in South America and has mainly been applied to coastal archaeological sites (on the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans). This is the first time that this method has been applied to a freshwater species, the marbled swamp eel (Synbranchus marmoratus), in archaeology. Excavations undertaken at Loma Salvatierra, a human-built platform located in the Bolivian Amazon and occupied from 500 until 1400 CE, have yielded 111 zooarchaeological vertebrae of the marbled swamp eel, which is one of the most widely distributed species recovered in South American continental archaeological sites. In order to estimate the fishing season for these archaeological individuals, we developed a modern osteological reference collection, made up of 61 specimens with known capture dates sampled monthly over a one-year period, about 60 km from Loma Salvatierra. The vertebrae present periodic growth patterns with a succession of dark and light bands alternately. Consequently, the vertebrae are a reliable basis for the estimation of the marbled swamp eel fishing season. The analysis of the marginal increments of vertebrae in present-day fish allowed us to elaborate a modern growth model showing that the seasonal growth of the marbled swamp eel is related to the hydrological cycle, whereby the fast growth period coincides with the onset of rainfall in the region. On the basis of this modern-based model, the analysis of zooarchaeological vertebrae demonstrates that fish were captured over several seasons. Demonstrating that human groups occupied villages year-round does not mean that they were not mobile but shows year-round fishing in the savanna. This year-round fishing practice raises questions concerning the generalized idea of fishing as an exclusively dry-season activity. As wild resources are generally seasonal, the evidence of the year-round fishing of swamp eels might suggest year-round fishing at Loma Salvatierra and contributes to the understanding of late-Holocene mobility patterns in pre-Columbian times.

年代记学是一种用于基于现代增长模型估算考古个体死亡季节（捕获季节）的方法。这种方法在南美已被越来越多的人接受，并且主要应用于沿海考古现场（在大西洋和太平洋上）。这是考古学中第一次将这种方法应用于淡水物种，即大理石沼泽鳗鱼（Synbranchus marmoratus）。在玻利维亚亚马逊河上人工建造的平台洛马萨尔瓦捷拉（Loma Salvatierra）进行的发掘工作，于500年至1400年占领，已获得大理石沼泽鳗鱼的111个动物考古椎骨，这是南美大陆考古中发现的分布最广的物种之一网站。为了估算这些考古人员的捕捞季节，我们开发了一个现代的骨科参考收藏品，该收藏品由61个标本组成，每个标本的采集日期为一年，每月一次，距Loma Salvatierra约60公里。椎骨呈现周期性的生长模式，并交替出现一系列暗带和亮带。因此，椎骨是估算大理石沼泽鳗鱼捕捞季节的可靠依据。通过对当今鱼类椎骨边缘增量的分析，我们可以建立一个现代的生长模型，该模型表明大理石沼泽鳗鱼的季节性生长与水文循环有关，因此，快速生长期与降雨的开始相吻合。该区域。在这种基于现代模型的基础上，对动物考古椎骨的分析表明，鱼类是在多个季节捕获的。证明人类群体常年居住在村庄中并不意味着他们没有流动，而是在大草原上常年捕捞。这一全年的捕鱼实践提出了有关将捕鱼作为纯粹的旱季活动的广义观念的疑问。由于野生资源通常是季节性的，