Spanish monolingual speakers often produce recipient (Pedro le da un lápiz a María) and nonrecipient constructions (Antonio le lava la camiseta a Carmen) doubled by a dative clitic. Second language speakers and heritage speakers usually avoid clitics. This study examined whether structural priming could effectively increase the production of clitics in monolingual speakers (N = 23), L2 speakers (N = 28), and heritage speakers (N = 24). Participants completed a baseline study that measured the use of clitics in a picture description task, followed by a priming treatment, an immediate posttest, and a posttest a week later. Results showed that priming increased clitic production for all groups, and that the increase was still significant a week later in L2 speakers and heritage speakers. These findings support the view that structural priming may implicate implicit language learning and considers its pedagogical implications.

中文翻译：

---

将西班牙语口语中的 DATIVE CLITICS 作为第二和传统语言

讲西班牙语的人通常会产生收件人 (Pedro le da un lápiz a María) 和非接收者结构 (Antonio le lava la camiseta a Carmen) 被与格连词加倍。说第二语言的人和说传统语言的人通常会回避 clitics。这项研究检验了结构启动是否可以有效地增加单语者的附睾的产生（ñ= 23), L2 扬声器 (ñ= 28), 和传统演讲者 (ñ= 24)。参与者完成了一项基线研究，该研究测量了在图片描述任务中对 clitics 的使用，然后是启动处理、立即后测和一周后的后测。结果表明，启动增加了所有组的 clitic 生产，并且一周后，L2 演讲者和传统演讲者的增加仍然显着。这些发现支持了结构启动可能涉及内隐语言学习的观点，并考虑了其教学意义。