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Dams and Climate Interact to Alter River Flow Regimes Across the United States
Earth's Future Pub Date : 2021-03-14 , DOI: 10.1029/2020ef001816
Dol Raj Chalise 1 , A. Sankarasubramanian 1 , Albert Ruhi 2
Affiliation  

Storing and managing river flows through reservoirs could dampen or increase climate‐induced fluctuations in streamflow, but interactions between the effects of dams and climate are poorly understood. Here, we examined how dam properties control different facets of flow alteration across the coterminous United States (CONUS), and compared alteration trends between dam‐affected and reference stream gages. We quantified departures from the natural flow regime using 730 stations with long‐term daily discharge data. Dam size and purpose explained high variation in flow alteration, and alteration was particularly severe in water‐stressed regions. Importantly, regulation of river flows by dams often dampened climate‐driven alteration (48% of the flow metrics), particularly in watersheds with positive flow trends; while worsening climatic impacts in other cases (44%), or even having dual effects (8%). Our results show that dam and climate impacts on streamflow need to be assessed jointly, and based on a diverse range of flow regime facets (e.g., event magnitude and duration, frequency, and timing) instead of mean annual flows only. By pairing the USGS streamflow records available from upstream and downstream of 209 dams across the CONUS, we advance the notion that dams amplify flow alteration, but also ameliorate some flow alteration metrics. Understanding such potential and limitations is important in light of climate non‐stationarity and a new wave of damming in developing economies, and will be key to further advancing environmental flow science into the future.

中文翻译:

大坝和气候相互作用,改变了整个美国的河流流量状况

通过水库存储和管理河流流量可能会抑制或增加气候引起的水流波动,但人们对大坝效应与气候之间的相互作用了解甚少。在这里,我们研究了大坝特性如何控制整个美国相邻河流(CONUS)的水流变化的不同方面,并比较了受水坝影响和参考水位计之间的变化趋势。我们使用730个站点的长期日流量数据对自然流量状态的偏离进行了量化。大坝的大小和用途说明了水流变化的高度变化,而水应力地区的变化尤为严重。重要的是,水坝对河流流量的调节常常会抑制气候变化(占流量指标的48%),特别是在流量趋势为正的流域;而在其他情况下则加剧了气候影响(44%),甚至产生了双重影响(8%)。我们的结果表明,大坝和气候对水流的影响需要共同评估,并且要基于不同范围的水流态势(例如,事件的大小和持续时间,频率和时间),而不是仅根据平均年流量进行评估。通过配对来自CONUS上209个大坝上游和下游的USGS流量记录,我们提出了大坝扩大流量变化的概念,但也改善了一些流量变化指标。鉴于气候不稳定和发展中经济体的新一轮筑坝浪潮,了解这种潜力和局限性很重要,并且对于将环境流科学进一步推向未来至关重要。我们的结果表明,大坝和气候对水流的影响需要共同评估,并且要基于不同范围的水流态势(例如,事件的大小和持续时间,频率和时间),而不是仅根据平均年流量进行评估。通过配对来自CONUS上209个大坝上游和下游的USGS流量记录,我们提出了大坝扩大流量变化的概念,但也改善了一些流量变化指标。鉴于气候不稳定和发展中经济体的新一轮筑坝浪潮,了解这种潜力和局限性很重要,并且对于将环境流科学进一步推向未来至关重要。我们的结果表明,大坝和气候对水流的影响需要共同评估,并且要基于不同范围的水流态势(例如,事件的大小和持续时间,频率和时间),而不是仅根据平均年流量进行评估。通过配对来自CONUS上209个大坝上游和下游的USGS流量记录,我们提出了大坝扩大流量变化的概念,但也改善了一些流量变化指标。鉴于气候不稳定和发展中经济体的新一轮筑坝浪潮,了解这种潜力和局限性很重要,并且对于将环境流科学进一步推向未来至关重要。和时间),而不仅仅是平均每年的流量。通过配对来自CONUS上209个大坝上游和下游的USGS流量记录,我们提出了大坝扩大流量变化的概念,但也改善了一些流量变化指标。鉴于气候不稳定和发展中经济体的新一轮筑坝浪潮,了解这种潜力和局限性很重要,并且对于将环境流科学进一步推向未来至关重要。和时间),而不仅仅是平均每年的流量。通过配对来自CONUS上209个大坝上游和下游的USGS流量记录,我们提出了大坝扩大流量变化的概念,但也改善了一些流量变化指标。鉴于气候不稳定和发展中经济体的新一轮筑坝浪潮,了解这种潜力和局限性很重要,并且对于将环境流科学进一步推向未来至关重要。
更新日期:2021-04-06
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