The Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram (RHpE) comprises 24 behaviours, the majority of which are at least 10 times more likely to be seen in lame horses compared with non-lame horses. The observation of ≥8/24 behaviours is likely to reflect the presence of musculoskeletal pain, although some lame horses score <8/24 behaviours. A marked reduction in RHpE scores after resolution of lameness using diagnostic anaesthesia proves a causal relationship between pain and RHpE scores. Horses should be assessed for approximately 10 min in walk, trot (including 10 m diameter circles), canter and transitions. The validity of the RHpE has been verified for use in horses which perform dressage-type movements, and which have been trained to work with the front of the head in a vertical position. It has not, as yet, been used in horses while jumping, racehorses, western performance or endurance horses. The RHpE provides a valuable tool for riders, trainers, veterinarians and other equine professionals to recognise the presence of musculoskeletal pain, even if overt lameness cannot be recognised. Riders with a higher skill-level may improve gait quality, but cannot obscure behavioural signs of pain, although specific behaviours may change. Tight saddle tree points, the rider sitting on the caudal third of the saddle and rider weight may influence RHpE scores. Accurate application of the RHpE requires training and practice. The RHpE is a powerful tool for the assessment of ridden horses and the identification of likely musculoskeletal pain. Such pain merits further investigation and treatment, to improve equine welfare and performance. The RHpE provides an additional means of evaluating the response to diagnostic anaesthesia. It provides a mechanism for client education and a diplomatic way of communicating with clients about equine discomfort related to saddle-fit, rider size, their position in the saddle and ability to ride in balance.

中文翻译：

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被骑的马疼痛 Ethogram

Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram (RHpE) 包含 24 种行为，其中大多数出现在跛脚马身上的可能性至少是非跛脚马的 10 倍。观察到≥8/24 的行为可能反映了肌肉骨骼疼痛的存在，尽管一些跛足马的行为得分 <8/24。使用诊断性麻醉解决跛行后 RHpE 评分显着降低证明疼痛与 RHpE 评分之间存在因果关系。应对马匹进行大约 10 分钟的步行、小跑（包括直径 10 m 的圆圈）、慢跑和过渡评估。RHpE 的有效性已经过验证，可用于进行盛装舞步式运动的马匹，并且这些马匹已被训练以头部前部处于垂直位置进行工作。到目前为止，它还没有被用于跳跃的马匹、赛马、西方表演或耐力马。RHpE 为骑手、训练员、兽医和其他马专业人士提供了一个有价值的工具，以识别肌肉骨骼疼痛的存在，即使无法识别明显的跛行。技术水平较高的骑手可能会改善步态质量，但不能掩盖疼痛的行为迹象，尽管特定行为可能会改变。紧鞍树点、坐在鞍尾三分之一处的骑手和骑手的体重可能会影响 RHpE 分数。RHpE 的准确应用需要培训和实践。RHpE 是评估骑马和识别可能的肌肉骨骼疼痛的有力工具。这种疼痛值得进一步调查和治疗，以改善马的福利和表现。RHpE 提供了一种额外的方法来评估对诊断性麻醉的反应。它提供了一种客户教育机制和一种外交方式，与客户就马的不适感与鞍座适合度、骑手尺寸、他们在鞍座中的位置和骑马平衡能力有关的问题进行沟通。