Spatiotemporal analysis and monitoring of vegetation help us investigate ecological health and guide better forest conservation and land management practices for sustainable development. This paper proposes the use of spatial analysis approaches (i.e., ordinary least squares [OLS] and the Hurst exponent) combined with time-series analysis using enhanced vegetation index (EVI) data, derived from LANDSAT via the Google Earth Engine, to estimate the trends and sustainability of vegetation dynamics in the Tra Vinh Province in the Mekong River Delta. We also assessed the EVI changes connected to land change issues to examine the influence of land use conversion on vegetation dynamics. Results show that a large portion of the study area was covered by abundant vegetation (over 50% of the total area), and the increased EVI area was about 5.5-times greater than the area of EVI reduction. Additionally, vegetation sustainability was being seriously compromised (e.g., a decrease in the total area of 8,275 ha) due to several land conversion drivers such as shrimp farming, urbanisation, and industrialisation. Furthermore, results obtained from this research provide insight into the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation coverage and reveal the consistency of future vegetation trends. Moreover, the study also quantitatively assessed the positive impacts of Buddhist doctrines on reducing the negative trend of vegetation change in the study area. These findings can lay the ground to formulate sustainable land and environmental plans that meet the 11th, 13th and 15th Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (i.e., the sustainable cities and communities, the climate actions, and the life on land). Besides, the analytical procedure adopted in this study can also be applicable to any other coastal areas that require the accurate assessment of vegetation status over time.

中文翻译：

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使用 LANDSAT 时间序列和 Hurst 指数指数表征湄公河三角洲的时空植被变化

植被的时空分析和监测有助于我们调查生态健康并指导更好的森林保护和土地管理实践，以实现可持续发展。本文建议使用空间分析方法（即普通最小二乘法 [OLS] 和 Hurst 指数）与使用增强型植被指数 (EVI) 数据的时间序列分析相结合，该数据通过谷歌地球引擎从 LANDSAT 获得，以估计湄公河三角洲茶荣省植被动态的趋势和可持续性。我们还评估了与土地变化问题相关的 EVI 变化，以检查土地利用转换对植被动态的影响。结果表明，研究区很大一部分被丰富的植被覆盖（占总面积的50%以上），增加的EVI面积约为5。比 EVI 减少面积大 5 倍。此外，由于养虾、城市化和工业化等几种土地转换驱动因素，植被可持续性受到严重损害（例如，总面积减少了 8,275 公顷）。此外，从这项研究中获得的结果可以深入了解植被覆盖的时空动态，并揭示未来植被趋势的一致性。此外，研究还定量评估了佛教教义对减少研究区植被变化负面趋势的积极影响。这些发现可为制定满足第 11、第 13 和第 15 个可持续发展目标 (SDG)（即可持续城市和社区、气候行动和陆地生命）的可持续土地和环境计划奠定基础。