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A new approach to assessing the space use behavior of macroinvertebrates by automated video tracking
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-13 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7129 Milad Shokri 1 , Francesco Cozzoli 1, 2 , Mario Ciotti 1 , Vojsava Gjoni 1 , Vanessa Marrocco 1 , Fabio Vignes 1 , Alberto Basset 1
中文翻译：
通过自动视频跟踪评估大型无脊椎动物空间使用行为的新方法
更新日期：2021-04-04
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-13 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7129 Milad Shokri 1 , Francesco Cozzoli 1, 2 , Mario Ciotti 1 , Vojsava Gjoni 1 , Vanessa Marrocco 1 , Fabio Vignes 1 , Alberto Basset 1
Affiliation
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- Individual space and resource use are central issues in ecology and conservation. Recent technological advances such as automated tracking techniques are boosting ecological research in this field. However, the development of a robust method to track space and resource use is still challenging for at least one important ecosystem component: motile aquatic macroinvertebrates. The challenges are mostly related to the small body size and rapid movement of many macroinvertebrate species and to light scattering and wave signal interference in aquatic habitats.
- We developed a video tracking method designed to reliably assess space use behavior among individual aquatic macroinvertebrates under laboratory (microcosm) conditions. The approach involves the use of experimental apparatus integrating a near infrared backlight source, a Plexiglas multi‐patch maze, multiple infrared cameras, and automated video analysis. It allows detection of the position of fast‐moving (~ 3 cm/s) and translucent individuals of small size (~ 5 mm in length, ~1 mg in dry weight) on simulated resource patches distributed over an experimental microcosm (0.08 m2).
- To illustrate the adequacy of the proposed method, we present a case study regarding the size dependency of space use behavior in the model organism Gammarus insensibilis, focusing on individual patch selection, giving‐up times, and cumulative space used.
- In the case study, primary data were collected on individual body size and individual locomotory behavior, for example, mean speed, acceleration, and step length. Individual entrance and departure times were recorded for each simulated resource patch in the experimental maze. Individual giving‐up times were found to be characterized by negative size dependency, with patch departure occurring sooner in larger individuals than smaller ones, and individual cumulative space used (treated as the overall surface area of resource patches that individuals visited) was found to scale positively with body size.
- This approach to studying space use behavior can deepen our understanding of species coexistence, yielding insights into mechanistic models on larger spatial scales, for example, home range, with implications for ecological and evolutionary processes, as well as for the management and conservation of populations and ecosystems. Despite being specifically developed for aquatic macroinvertebrates, this method can also be applied to other small aquatic organisms such as juvenile fish and amphibians.
中文翻译：
通过自动视频跟踪评估大型无脊椎动物空间使用行为的新方法
个体空间和资源利用是生态和保护的核心问题。自动跟踪技术等最新技术进步正在推动该领域的生态研究。然而，对于至少一个重要的生态系统组成部分：运动性水生大型无脊椎动物来说，开发一种强大的方法来跟踪空间和资源使用仍然具有挑战性。这些挑战主要与许多大型无脊椎动物物种的体型较小和快速运动以及水生生境中的光散射和波信号干扰有关。
我们开发了一种视频跟踪方法，旨在可靠地评估实验室（微观）条件下个体水生大型无脊椎动物的空间使用行为。该方法涉及使用集成近红外背光源、有机玻璃多片迷宫、多个红外摄像机和自动视频分析的实验装置。它允许检测分布在实验微观世界（0.08 m 2 ）。
为了说明所提出方法的充分性，我们提出了一个关于模型生物Gammarus insensibilis空间使用行为的大小依赖性的案例研究，重点关注个体斑块选择、放弃时间和累积空间使用。
在案例研究中，收集了有关个体体型和个体运动行为的主要数据，例如平均速度、加速度和步长。记录实验迷宫中每个模拟资源块的单独进入和离开时间。研究发现，个体放弃时间的特点是负大小依赖性，体型较大的个体比较体型较小的个体，斑块离开发生得更快，并且个体累积使用空间（视为个体访问过的资源斑块的总表面积）被发现是可扩展的。与身体尺寸呈正相关。
这种研究空间使用行为的方法可以加深我们对物种共存的理解，深入了解更大空间尺度（例如家园）的机械模型，对生态和进化过程以及种群和物种的管理和保护具有影响。生态系统。尽管是专门为水生大型无脊椎动物开发的，但该方法也可以应用于其他小型水生生物，例如幼鱼和两栖动物。
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