Previous studies have suggested that in emotionally-oriented communication such as counseling and casual conversation, non-verbal communication characteristics such as turn-taking and vocal pitch synchrony were related to formation of rapport. However, in cognitive goal-oriented communication such as group problem-solving, there are few studies investigating whether the features of non-verbal communication cues correlate with rapport. In this research, we focused on the turn-taking and vocal pitch synchrony during creative problem-solving communication, and investigated their possible relationship with rapport. We adopted the Alternative Uses Tasks (AUT) as the case of cognitive goal-oriented communication, which measures individual creativity, and reorganized it to a group communication task. In the experiment, groups of three people each with the same gender discussed ideas for unusual uses of daily necessities for 20 minutes. The number of utterances which were responsive to the utterance of other speaker was used as an indicator of turn-taking, and the mean value of difference of the vocal pitch between the participant's was used as an indicator of vocal pitch synchrony. Multiple regression analysis showed that turn-taking, rather than total utterances, were significantly positively correlated with rapport, while vocal pitch synchrony did not contribute to rapport explanations. The results suggest that in the creative problem-solving discussion, the more turn-taking the conversation has, the more you feel rapport. The discrepancy with the previous study may suggest that the vocal pitch synchrony contribute to rapport in emotionally-oriented communication, but the vocal pitch synchrony would be not so relevant in forming rapport in more cognitive goal-oriented communication. In conclusion, the amount of turn-taking is a reliable non-verbal predictor of rapport, even in cognitive goal-oriented communication.

先前的研究表明，在以情感为导向的交流中，例如咨询和随意交谈中，非语言交流的特征（如转弯和声调同步）与融洽关系的形成有关。然而，在诸如小组问题解决之类的面向认知目标的交流中，很少有研究调查非语言交流线索的特征是否与融洽相关。在这项研究中，我们着重于解决问题的创造性沟通过程中的转弯和发声同步，并研究了它们与融洽关系的可能关系。我们采用“替代使用任务”（AUT）作为面向目标的认知交流的案例，它可以衡量个人的创造力，并将其重新组织为小组交流任务。在实验中 三人一组，每个人性别相同，他们讨论了20分钟不寻常使用日用品的想法。响应于其他说话者的发声的发声数被用作转弯的指标，并且参与者之间的发声音差的平均值被用作发声音调同步的指标。多元回归分析表明，转弯而非总体话语与融洽关系显着正相关，而声调同步并不有助于融洽的解释。结果表明，在创造性的解决问题的讨论中，对话进行得越多，您越会感到融洽。与先前研究的差异可能表明，声调同步有助于在面向情感的交流中融洽相处，但声调同步与在更多以认知目标为导向的交流中形成融洽关系并不那么重要。总之，即使在面向认知目标的交流中，转弯的数量也是融洽关系的可靠非言语预测指标。