Porous carbon-based electrode materials have been widely used in supercapacitors (SCs) because of their good physicochemical stability, high specific surface area, adjustable pore structure, and excellent electrical conductivity. The factors influencing their SC performance are analyzed, which include specific surface area, pore structure, surface heteroatoms, structural defects and electrode structure. The high surface area accessible to ions provides abundant active sites for their storage, while a suitable pore structure is important for the accommodation and diffusion of ions, thereby influencing the specific capacitance and rate performance of the electrodes. An appropriate pore size with a narrow distribution is required to increase the volumetric energy density while mesopores are favorable for ion transport, so a good balance between micro and mesopore volumes is important to improve both the energy and power densities of the SCs. Structural defects, surface heteroatoms and a rational electrode structural design all play significant roles in the capacitance performance.

多孔碳基电极材料因其良好的理化稳定性，高比表面积，可调节的孔结构和出色的导电性而被广泛用于超级电容器（SC）。分析了影响其SC性能的因素，包括比表面积，孔结构，表面杂原子，结构缺陷和电极结构。离子可利用的高表面积为它们的存储提供了丰富的活性位，而合适的孔结构对于离子的容纳和扩散很重要，从而影响电极的比电容和倍率性能。需要适当的孔径狭窄的分布以增加体积能量密度，而中孔有利于离子传输，因此，微孔和中孔之间的良好平衡对于提高SC的能量和功率密度都非常重要。结构缺陷，表面杂原子和合理的电极结构设计在电容性能中均起着重要作用。