Biotic stresses represent a serious threat to rice production to meet global food demand and thus pose a major challenge for scientists, who need to understand the intricate defense mechanisms. Proteomics and metabolomics studies have found global changes in proteins and metabolites during defense responses of rice exposed to biotic stressors, and also reported the production of specific secondary metabolites (SMs) in some cultivars that may vary depending on the type of biotic stress and the time at which the stress is imposed. The most common changes were seen in photosynthesis which is modified differently by rice plants to conserve energy, disrupt food supply for biotic stress agent, and initiate defense mechanisms or by biotic stressors to facilitate invasion and acquire nutrients, depending on their feeding style. Studies also provide evidence for the correlation between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and photorespiration and photosynthesis which can broaden our understanding on the balance of ROS production and scavenging in rice-pathogen interaction. Variation in the generation of phytohormones is also a key response exploited by rice and pathogens for their own benefit. Proteomics and metabolomics studies in resistant and susceptible rice cultivars upon pathogen attack have helped to identify the proteins and metabolites related to specific defense mechanisms, where choosing of an appropriate method to identify characterized or novel proteins and metabolites is essential, considering the outcomes of host-pathogen interactions. Despites the limitation in identifying the whole repertoire of responsive metabolites, some studies have shed light on functions of resistant-specific SMs. Lastly, we illustrate the potent metabolites responsible for resistance to different biotic stressors to provide valuable targets for further investigation and application.

生物胁迫对满足全球粮食需求的水稻生产构成了严重威胁，因此对需要了解复杂防御机制的科学家构成了重大挑战。蛋白质组学和代谢组学研究发现了暴露于生物胁迫下的水稻防御反应期间蛋白质和代谢物的整体变化，并且还报告了某些品种中特定次生代谢产物（SMs）的产生可能会根据生物胁迫的类型和时间而有所不同施加压力。最常见的变化是在光合作用中发生的变化，水稻植物可以通过光合作用对其进行不同的改造，以节省能量，破坏生物应激源的食物供应并启动防御机制，或者通过生物应激源来促进入侵和获取营养，具体取决于它们的喂养方式。研究还为活性氧（ROS）与光呼吸和光合作用之间的相关性提供了证据，这可以拓宽我们对水稻与病原体相互作用中ROS产生和清除的平衡的理解。水稻和病原体为了自身的利益而利用植物激素的产生也是一个关键的反应。在病原体侵袭时，抗性和易感水稻品种的蛋白质组学和代谢组学研究有助于鉴定与特定防御机制相关的蛋白质和代谢物，在这种情况下，考虑到宿主的结果，选择合适的方法来鉴定特征性或新型蛋白质和代谢物是必不可少的病原体相互作用。尽管在识别反应性代谢物的全部方法方面存在局限性，一些研究揭示了抗药性SM的功能。最后，我们说明了负责抵抗不同生物胁迫的有效代谢产物，为进一步研究和应用提供了有价值的靶标。