In this paper, a method is presented for antenna beamforming based on characteristic mode theory. A multi-mode antenna with two elements and four significant orthogonal modes is presented in 5 GHz. Feed positions of the proposed antenna to excite its four characteristic modes are determined; Then with the help of characteristic mode analysis and the reciprocity theorem, amplitude and phase of the excitation coefficients of the proposed antenna are found to change the antenna beam direction in whole azimuth plane. Moreover, changing the weights of the antenna feeds enables elevation beamforming of the proposed antenna.

中文翻译：

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基于特征模态分析的多模天线定向波束形成图

本文提出了一种基于特征模式理论的天线波束成形方法。在5 GHz中提出了具有两个元素和四个有效正交模式的多模天线。确定拟议天线激发其四个特征模式的馈电位置；然后借助特征模式分析和互易性定理，发现所提出天线的激励系数的幅度和相位可以改变整个方位平面上的天线波束方向。此外，改变天线馈源的权重使得能够对所提出的天线进行仰角波束成形。