Simulations of the draping is currently based on membrane and out-of-plane bending stiffnesses of the composite textile reinforcements. In this article, an additional stiffness of in-plane bending of fibers is introduced. This stiffness gives rise to the appearance of transition zones in the deformation of fibrous reinforcements, which have been experimentally highlighted. Second gradient approaches have made it possible to model these phenomena in continuous medium and 3D finite element. In this article, the curvature of the fibers leading to in-plane deformation energy is calculated from the position of neighboring elements, using rotation-free shell elements with explicit dynamic scheme. The result is an efficient approach that can be used to simulate the forming of textile reinforcements.

悬垂的模拟当前基于复合织物增强材料的膜和平面外弯曲刚度。在本文中，引入了纤维平面内弯曲的附加刚度。这种刚度在纤维增强材料的变形中引起过渡区的出现，这在实验中已得到强调。第二种梯度方法使在连续介质和3D有限元中对这些现象进行建模成为可能。在本文中，使用具有显式动态方案的无旋转壳单元，从相邻单元的位置计算出导致平面内变形能量的纤维曲率。结果是一种有效的方法，可用于模拟织物增强材料的形成。