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Atmospheric and anthropogenic deterioration of the İvriz rock monument: Ereğli-Konya, Central Anatolia, Turkey
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-21 , DOI: 10.1007/s10064-021-02105-9
Mustafa Korkanç , İsmail İnce , M. Ergün Hatır , M. Bahadır Tosunlar

The aim of this study is to determine the extent of deterioration of the limestone on which the İvriz rock monument is engraved. This monument is near Aydınkent (İvriz) village and located 12 km from the Ereğli district of Konya. The height of the İvriz Hittite monument is 4.20 m and its width is 2.40 m. It dates back to the second-half of the eighth century BC. The rocks on which the reliefs are engraved are limestone; the lower parts are brecciated with open cracks, and the upper parts show fewer cracks with smaller gaps. To enable the identification of the characteristics of the rocks on which the figures are located, non-destructive methods were used. Surface humidity, P wave velocity, thermal imaging, and Schmidt hardness measurement were applied to the wall surface of the monument, and mapping studies were conducted. Surface humidity varied between 26 and 58% with the highest values measured in the sections where the cracks are densest. The P wave velocity measured at the rock monument varied between 1.6 and 5.8 km/s, with the lowest values found in the sections where cracks were denser. Schmidt rebound values varied between 18 and 42, with higher values obtained in those sections with fewer effects of deterioration. According to the detailed observations and data obtained from non-destructive techniques (NDT) and laboratory data, the most significant deterioration has resulted from atmospheric conditions and damage by humans. The most common effects of degradation in this area are erosion by water, granular disintegration, cracks, microkarst, black crust, biodegradation (lichen, algae, and higher plants), and vandalism.



中文翻译:

伊维兹(Ivriz)岩石纪念碑的大气和人为破坏:土耳其中部安那托利亚Ereğli-Konya

这项研究的目的是确定刻有伊维兹岩石纪念碑的石灰石的退化程度。这座纪念碑位于Aydınkent(İvriz)村附近,距离科尼亚(Konya)的Ereğli区12公里。伊维兹·赫梯纪念碑的高度为4.20 m,宽度为2.40 m。它的历史可以追溯到公元前八世纪下半叶。刻有浮雕的岩石是石灰石。下部的角砾为开裂裂纹,上部的裂纹较少,间隙较小。为了能够确定数字所在的岩石的特征,使用了非破坏性方法。将表面湿度,P波速度,热成像和施密特硬度测量值应用于纪念碑的墙面,并进行了制图研究。表面湿度在26%至58%之间变化,在裂纹最密集的区域测得的最高值。在岩石纪念碑处测得的P波速度在1.6至5.8 km / s之间变化,在裂隙较密集的区域中发现的最低值。施密特的回弹值在18到42之间变化,在这些部分中获得的值较高,而劣化影响较小。根据详细的观察和从无损检测技术(NDT)获得的数据以及实验室数据,最显着的恶化是大气条件和人为破坏造成的。该区域最常见的退化影响是水蚀,颗粒崩解,裂缝,微岩溶,黑壳,生物降解(地衣,藻类和高等植物)和故意破坏。

更新日期:2021-03-15
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