Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rare, heterogeneous autoimmune and autoinflammatory disease that affects both sexes and all races, although this disease exhibits its highest incidence/prevalence among the black population and shows a predilection for women of reproductive age. Although SLE has no cure, treatment can help decrease its signs and symptoms. Thus, we should focus primarily on personalized treatment. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), which are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myoblasts, among other cell types, are potential candidates for use in a promising strategy to treat severe and refractory SLE. MSCs have an immunomodulatory function that can suppress the proliferation and activities of many immune cells, such as T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Substantial progress has recently been made in MSC therapy, and experimental and clinical data suggest that such a therapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of severe and refractory SLE. In this review, we highlight the effects of MSCs on different immune cell types, describe the mechanisms underlying MSC-mediated immunoregulation, and discuss the treatment of SLE with MSCs from different sources in various animal models and clinical applications.

系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE) 是一种罕见的异质性自身免疫性和自身炎症性疾病，影响性别和所有种族，尽管这种疾病在黑人人群中的发病率/患病率最高，并且显示出对育龄妇女的偏爱。尽管 SLE 无法治愈，但治疗可以帮助减轻其体征和症状。因此，我们应该主要关注个性化治疗。间充质干/基质细胞 (MSC) 是一种多能细胞，能够分化为成骨细胞、软骨细胞、脂肪细胞和成肌细胞，以及其他细胞类型，是用于治疗严重和难治性 SLE 的有前景的策略的潜在候选者。间充质干细胞具有免疫调节功能，可以抑制许多免疫细胞的增殖和活动，如T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞、自然杀伤细胞、巨噬细胞和树突细胞。最近在 MSC 治疗方面取得了重大进展，实验和临床数据表明，这种治疗是治疗重度和难治性 SLE 的有前途的策略。在这篇综述中，我们强调了 MSCs 对不同免疫细胞类型的影响，描述了 MSCs 介导的免疫调节的机制，并讨论了在各种动物模型和临床应用中用不同来源的 MSCs 治疗 SLE。