Environmental pollution is inducing short-term and long-term adverse effects on soil, air, water, and living organisms. Globally, more than 13.7 million persons died in 2016 due to living and working in an unhealthy environment according to the World Health Organization. In particular, air pollution caused more than six million deaths, while water pollution caused about 1.8 million deaths, calling for advanced methods of remediation. Nanosized materials, owing to their unique surface properties, exhibit remediation potential for a wide range of pollutants. Here, we review the impact of environmental degradation on human health, followed by conventional physicochemical and biological treatment strategies for remediation of environmental pollutants. Then, we present the synthesis, types, and application of nanomaterials in the degradation and monitoring of various pollutants. The environmental fate and behaviour of nanomaterials are also discussed.

环境污染正在对土壤，空气，水和生物产生短期和长期的不利影响。根据世界卫生组织的数据，2016年，全球有1370万人因在不健康的环境中生活和工作而死亡。特别是，空气污染造成超过600万人死亡，而水污染造成约180万人死亡，因此需要先进的补救方法。纳米材料由于其独特的表面特性，具有对多种污染物进行修复的潜力。在这里，我们回顾了环境退化对人类健康的影响，然后介绍了用于修复环境污染物的常规物理化学和生物处理策略。然后，我们介绍综合，类型，纳米材料在各种污染物的降解和监测中的应用 还讨论了纳米材料的环境命运和行为。