Purpose

The authors aimed to triangulate food intake data obtained by two qualitative methods (in-depth interviews and participant observations) and one quantitative method (food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ)). The purpose of this paper was to analyze the kind of data each method produced and how these different pieces of information are methodologically related to the characteristics and limitations of different methods used and theoretically connected to participants' identities and masculinities.

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis was based on data from an ethnographic study; whose participants were 35 men who self-identified as gay bears. The participants' food intake was investigated through participant observations, in-depth interviews and an FFQ.

Findings

The qualitative methods indicated an overconsumption of meat and beer and a rejection of fresh foods, especially fruits and vegetables, as diacritical signs of the bears' identity. The FFQ showed a major consumption of minimally processed food, with fruits and vegetables being eaten more than meat. The authors proposed that the participants have compartmentalized their many habitual intakes and assessed one of them, separately, according to the method used (what was being asked and the context of that moment). Additionally, the authors connected these two patterns of habitual intake to the participants' identities and masculinities, questioning the existence of a constant hegemonic masculinity among this group.

Originality/value

The triangulation of methods employed in the present study is seldom addressed in the literature. This approximation provided a rich discussion regarding the connections between eating, sexuality, gender and identity, through a novel methodological and theoretical lens.

中文翻译：

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用于研究巴西圣保罗同性恋熊食物摄入量的定性和定量方法的三角测量

目的

作者旨在对通过两种定性方法（深度访谈和参与者观察）和一种定量方法（食物频率问卷 (FFQ)）获得的食物摄入数据进行三角测量。本文的目的是分析每种方法产生的数据种类，以及这些不同的信息如何与所使用的不同方法的特征和局限性在方法上相关，并在理论上与参与者的身份和男性气质相关联。

设计/方法/方法

该分析基于一项民族志研究的数据；他们的参与者是 35 名自称为同性恋熊的男性。通过参与者观察、深度访谈和 FFQ 调查参与者的食物摄入量。

发现

定性方法表明过度消费肉类和啤酒以及拒绝新鲜食物，尤其是水果和蔬菜，作为熊身份的变音符号。FFQ 显示，人们主要消费低加工食品，水果和蔬菜的摄入量超过肉类。作者提出，参与者根据所使用的方法（被问到的问题和当时的背景）将他们的许多习惯性摄入量划分开来，并分别评估其中一个。此外，作者将这两种习惯摄入模式与参与者的身份和男性气质联系起来，质疑这一群体中是否存在持续的霸权男性气质。

原创性/价值

本研究中采用的三角测量方法在文献中很少涉及。这种近似提供了关于饮食、性、性别和身份之间联系的丰富讨论，通过一种新的方法论和理论视角。