Purpose

This study aims to extend the literature by simultaneously investigating the relationship between risk, efficiency and capital in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) dual banking system.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employs the simultaneous-equation modeling technique with a three-stage least square estimator on 60 listed GCC commercial banks from 2005 through 2018.

Findings

Although GCC Islamic banks are more capitalized and liquid, they are riskier and less efficient than GCC conventional banks. Moreover, a higher level of capital reduces the insolvency and credit risk of GCC banks for both types of banks. However, it enhances the cost efficiency of GCC conventional banks only. GCC conventional banks also exhibit skimping behavior, while for GCC Islamic banks, cost efficiency is negatively associated with bank risk. This implies that the risk-taking behavior in Islamic banks is prompted by the incentives of the shareholders following the risk-sharing nature of Islamic banking.

Originality/value

This study differs from previous studies in many aspects. First, it relies on a recent long data set that covers the implementation of the accords of Basel II (introduced in 2004) and Basel III (introduced in 2010). Second, it estimates the efficiency of GCC banks based on separate frontiers for Islamic and conventional banks, ensuring the robustness of the results. In conclusion, to the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the intertemporal relationship between risk, efficiency and capital in the GCC dual banking industry.

中文翻译：

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双重银行业的风险、效率和资本：来自海湾合作委员会银行的证据

目的

本研究旨在通过同时调查海湾合作委员会 (GCC) 双银行体系中风险、效率和资本之间的关系来扩展文献。

设计/方法/方法

该研究对 2005 年至 2018 年间 60 家海湾合作委员会上市商业银行采用了同时方程建模技术和三阶段最小二乘估计量。

发现

尽管 GCC 伊斯兰银行的资本和流动性更高，但与 GCC 传统银行相比，它们的风险更高且效率更低。此外，更高水平的资本降低了海湾合作委员会银行对这两种银行的破产风险和信用风险。然而，它只提高了海湾合作委员会传统银行的成本效率。GCC 传统银行也表现出节俭行为，而对于 GCC 伊斯兰银行，成本效率与银行风险呈负相关。这意味着伊斯兰银行的风险承担行为是由股东遵循伊斯兰银行的风险分担性质的动机所推动的。

原创性/价值

本研究在很多方面与以往的研究不同。首先，它依赖于最近的长数据集，该数据集涵盖了巴塞尔协议 II（2004 年引入）和巴塞尔协议 III（2010 年引入）的实施情况。其次，它根据伊斯兰银行和传统银行的不同边界估计海湾合作委员会银行的效率，确保结果的稳健性。总之，据作者所知，这是第一项调查海湾合作委员会双银行业风险、效率和资本之间的跨期关系的研究。