Purpose

Specific types of Hispanic-owned banks (HOBs), including those related to Brazilian, Cuban, Mexican or Puerto Rican heritage, have not be analyzed to date. There are important differences between the relevant communities, including geographic location, language barriers, population size and the importance of remittances to foreign nations. The analysis here sheds light on these differences.

Design/methodology/approach

HOBs with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)-designated minority-owned depository institution (MDI) designation are identified, along with bank ownership heritage. Financial data, a measure of market competition, and demographics of depositors from 2003 to 2017 are utilized in an exploratory analysis comparing banks by HOB type, with random effects regressions for the pre-collapse (2003–2006) and post-collapse (2009–2017) periods.

Findings

Although each of the four types of HOBs serve Hispanic and poor communities, there are substantial differences. For example, Brazilian and Puerto Rican banks on the island held high levels of nonperforming loans (NPLs) post-collapse, with the Brazilian and Mexican banks expanding levels of risky commercial real estate (CRE) lending post-collapse, while the Cuban banks contracted CRE lending. Differences in terms of return on assets (ROAs), the cost of borrowed funds and the tier-1 risk-based capital ratio are also identified.

Social implications

HOBs, like Latinos in the USA, are culturally heterogeneous and likely operate in different ways depending upon the culture and economic circumstances of the communities where they operate.

Originality/value

Although there is substantial research on MDIs, this is the first analysis which treats HOBs as culturally heterogeneous. Further research of this type is warranted.

中文翻译：

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在美国西班牙裔拥有的银行中特定遗产的作用

目的

迄今为止，尚未分析特定类型的西班牙裔拥有的银行（HOB），包括与巴西，古巴，墨西哥或波多黎各人的遗产有关的银行。相关社区之间存在重要差异，包括地理位置，语言障碍，人口规模以及向国外汇款的重要性。这里的分析揭示了这些差异。

设计/方法/方法

确定具有联邦存款保险公司（FDIC）指定的少数人拥有的存款机构（MDI）的HOB，以及银行所有权的遗产。一项探索性分析利用了金融数据，一项市场竞争指标以及2003年至2017年的存款人人口统计数据，对按HOB类型划分的银行进行了比较，并对崩溃前（2003-2006年）和崩溃后（2009-2009年）的随机效应回归2017）期。

发现

尽管四种类型的HOB都为西班牙裔和贫困社区服务，但仍存在很大差异。例如，岛上的巴西和波多黎各人银行在崩溃后持有大量不良贷款，巴西和墨西哥的银行在崩溃后扩大了高风险商业房地产（CRE）贷款水平，而古巴银行则收缩了华润创业贷款。还确定了资产回报率（ROA），借入资金成本和基于风险的第1层资本比率方面的差异。

社会影响

像美国的拉丁美洲人一样，HOB在文化上是异质的，并可能根据其所在社区的文化和经济状况以不同的方式运作。

创意/价值

尽管对MDI进行了大量研究，但这是首次将HOB视为文化异质的分析。这种类型的进一步研究是必要的。