Purpose

This study aims to provide an empirical test of an existing theoretical model depicting the governance modes used by international franchisors when entering international markets.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a unique panel data set of 222 market expansions by US firms over a seven-year period, this paper tests hypotheses regarding the factors affecting the franchisors’ choice of governance modes when entering foreign markets.

Findings

Franchisors use governance modes with lower levels of control when faced with environmental uncertainties due to corruption, economic downturns and when the geographic distance is large. Moreover, the franchise system assets and its local market assets also affect the choice of governance modes.

Practical implications

Firms need to balance the costs of environmental uncertainty with the need to safeguard the firm’s capabilities and resources using governance modes with appropriate levels of control. This balance changes as the franchise company gains more experience in the local market and as once-emerging markets continue to develop.

Originality/value

This research identified additional governance modes used by franchisors compared to previous studies. Using multiple theoretical perspectives, the study supported significant portions of the Jell-Ojobor and Windsperger (2014) model of franchisor governance mode choice.

中文翻译：

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国际特许人进入市场的治理模式：影响选择的因素

目的

本研究旨在对描述国际特许人进入国际市场时所使用的治理模式的现有理论模型进行实证检验。

设计/方法/方法

本文使用美国公司在 7 年期间进行的 222 个市场扩张的独特面板数据集，检验了有关影响特许人进入外国市场时治理模式选择的因素的假设。

发现

当面临腐败、经济衰退和地理距离较大的环境不确定性时，特许人使用控制水平较低的治理模式。此外，特许经营体系资产及其当地市场资产也影响治理模式的选择。

实际影响

企业需要使用具有适当控制水平的治理模式来平衡环境不确定性的成本与保护企业能力和资源的需要。随着特许经营公司在当地市场获得更多经验以及曾经的新兴市场继续发展，这种平衡发生了变化。

原创性/价值

与之前的研究相比，这项研究确定了特许人使用的其他治理模式。该研究使用多种理论视角，支持 Jell-Ojobor 和 Windsperger (2014) 特许人治理模式选择模型的重要部分。