Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to define the identity, city identity and architectural identity; to review, analyze and synthesize different pieces from literature to explore and define the factors that shape the city identity; to define the strategies of hybridization process that can be used to re-locate (re-define) the city identity; to examine the most effective factors that shape the identity of Amman city from various perspectives, to examine the relationships/interrelationships between all the factors that shape any city identity from the designers’ perspective, finally, to apply the strategies of hybridization process to re-locate (re-define) Amman’s city identity.

Design/methodology/approach

This research used two research methods to collect data as follows: literature review, content analysis and face-face questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the most effective factors that shape the Amman’s identity from different perspectives. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (Pearson r) was computed to assess the relationships between all factors that shape the identity of any city from the perspective of Jordanian designers and experts.

Findings

This research concluded that the factors that shape the city identity are cultural factors (socio-cultural, historical, economical and globalization factors), environmental factors (geographic, climate and building materials factors) and urban and architectural factors (spatial design organization, architectural style, open spaces and parks, urban structure factors). Additionally, the six urban development factors that responsible for the hybridization process in a city are new architectural typology and new special configuration, urban edges and hybrid textures, public hybridization open spaces, roads highway-scapes, urban redevelopment through super sites by star architects and downtown urban developments. This research found that there are different perspectives about the definition and factors that shape the identity of Amman’s city because of differences in cultures, experiences, knowledge, education level and personal preferences. The city identity is not a constant concept. It is changed according to time, place, people, culture, global trends, economic status and experience. Moreover, the correlation results revealed that the relationships/interrelationships between all the factors that shape the identity of any city have strong/very strong positive linear associations and significant relationships (r > 0.89).

Practical implications

Greater Amman Municipality (GAM) should provide a vision to redefine the identity of Amman city and control over the development pressure, built form and image of the city. This vision should be based on research, analysis and adoption of the most effective road map. GAM and all stakeholders should establish and enforce using specific architectural styles, urban design guidelines, building codes, policy tools and land use regulations to re-define the city identity. GAM should review, assess, approve and supervise all development projects through all design and construction phases especially in sensitive areas. GAM should focus on building capacity, empower its architects and planners, and re-organize (re-structure) their units and administrations especially planning and licensing departments to improve the city image and guide development. This research recommended that architects should design new, diverse and innovative architectural concepts, typologies and spatial configurations. Rapid development and new edges should be planned, designed and managed from the parts to the whole. The heterogeneous landscape and everyday activities will improve the vitality of urban and open public spaces and form of public culture. Architects and star architects ought not to make a clear and sharp separation between old and new development, architectural styles and typologies. Architects and urban designers ought to design hybrid physical urban environments, urban morphology, urban multi-functional activities, mix-use buildings, open spaces for social life, street patterns and furniture, squares, architectural style and typologies, spatial connectivity, green spaces and landscape entities. The designers and planners should consider how to create a city for living, working and recreation.

Originality/value

This research defined the identity, city identity, architectural identity and the factors that may shape the city identities. This research proposed and used the hybridization process as a tool to re-locate (re-define) the identity of Amman city and any city to be more obvious. Additionally, this research examined the relationships/interrelationships between the factors that shape the city identity.

中文翻译：

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通过混合过程重新定位安曼的城市身份

目的

本文的目的是定义身份，城市身份和建筑身份。审查，分析和综合文献中的不同部分，以探索和定义影响城市身份的因素；定义可用于重新定位（重新定义）城市身份的混合过程策略；从各种角度研究影响安曼城市身份的最有效因素，从设计者的角度检查影响任何城市身份的所有因素之间的关系/相互关系，最后，应用杂交过程的策略来重新设计安曼城市。找到（重新定义）安曼的城市身份。

设计/方法/方法

本研究采用两种研究方法收集数据，方法如下：文献综述，内容分析和面对面问卷。描述性统计数据用于从不同角度研究影响安曼身份的最有效因素。从约旦设计师和专家的角度出发，计算了皮尔森乘积矩相关系数（Pearson r），以评估影响任何城市身份的所有因素之间的关系。

发现

这项研究得出的结论是，塑造城市身份的因素包括文化因素（社会文化，历史，经济和全球化因素），环境因素（地理，气候和建筑材料因素）以及城市和建筑因素（空间设计组织，建筑风格） ，开放空间和公园，城市结构因素）。此外，负责城市混合过程的六个城市发展因素是新的建筑类型和新的特殊配置，城市边缘和混合纹理，公共混合开放空间，道路公路景观，由明星建筑师通过超级站点进行的城市再开发以及市区的市区发展。这项研究发现，由于文化，经验，知识，教育水平和个人偏好的差异，对塑造安曼城市身份的定义和因素存在不同的看法。城市身份并不是一个固定的概念。它会根据时间，地点，人员，文化，全球趋势，经济状况和经验而变化。此外，相关结果还显示，影响任何城市身份的所有因素之间的关系/相互关系具有很强/非常强的正线性关联和显着的关系（r > 0.89）。

实际影响

大安曼市（GAM）应该提供愿景，以重新定义安曼市的身份并控制城市的发展压力，建筑形式和形象。该愿景应基于对最有效路线图的研究，分析和采用。GAM和所有利益相关者应使用特定的建筑风格，城市设计指南，建筑规范，政策工具和土地使用法规来建立和执行规则，以重新定义城市的身份。GAM应该在整个设计和施工阶段，尤其是在敏感区域，审查，评估，批准和监督所有开发项目。GAM应该专注于能力建设，赋予其建筑师和规划师权力，并重组（重组）其单位和行政部门，特别是规划和许可部门，以改善城市形象并指导发展。这项研究建议建筑师应设计新颖，多样和创新的建筑概念，类型学和空间配置。从零件到整体，应计划，设计和管理快速发展和新优势。异质的景观和日常活动将改善城市和开放公共空间以及公共文化形式的活力。建筑师和明星建筑师不应在新旧开发，建筑风格和类型之间进行清晰，清晰的区分。建筑师和城市设计师应设计混合的城市物理环境，城市形态，城市多功能活动，混合用途建筑物，开放的社交生活空间，街道图案和家具，广场，建筑风格和类型，空间连通性，绿色空间和景观实体。

创意/价值

这项研究定义了身份，城市身份，建筑身份以及可能影响城市身份的因素。这项研究提出并使用杂交过程作为重新定位（重新定义）安曼城市以及任何更明显城市的身份的工具。此外，这项研究还研究了塑造城市身份的因素之间的关系/相互关系。