Purpose

The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, it assesses communicated (information disclosed in annual reports and websites) ethical values of Islamic banks (IBs) by using an index based on Islamic precept. Second, this research paper analyzes the perception of employees working in IBs of Pakistan regarding previously mentioned dimensions constructed in the form of index. Third, it explores the difference (if any) between communicated and perceived ethical values of IBs in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

This study incorporated two research methods, namely, content analysis (qualitative method) and descriptive analysis (quantitative method) to assess communicated and perceived ethical values. A checklist was designed that includes total six dimensions with 106 items or constructs. For perceived ethics, survey method is used to explore how far in practice IBs are operating in line with Islamic finance ethics in Pakistan by distributing questionnaires among employees.

Findings

This research study revealed overall satisfactory communicated and perceived ethical values in IBs of Pakistan. It is generally concluded that Meezan Bank is doing well in all dimensions as compare to other three banks in Pakistan. Some banks such as Dubai Islamic Bank and Albaraka Islamic bank lack proper format of annual reports. It recommended proper training and development of employees particularly about Islamic banking products and procedure. Moreover, it is recommended to take initiative of attracting female segment of the society and environment protection related campaigns.

Research limitations/implications

Because of data and time constraints, an extended beneficiary analysis could not be materialized in this study. Therefore, for future research, it is recommended to expand the stakeholders’ analysis beyond employees of IBs.

Practical implications

This study may be helpful for policymakers and other stakeholders to improve the image and for further growth of IBs in Pakistan.

Social implications

This study is the part of corporate social responsibility, so it will add value to social norms of banking sector and provide different dimensions and constructs based on Islamic ethical and moral system. It highlights banker’s responsibilities toward society.

Originality/value

This paper supports the phenomena of Islamic banking and finance in emerging markets and shows its potential growth for the economy.

中文翻译：

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巴基斯坦伊斯兰银行的伦理考量：实证分析

目的

本文的目的有三个。首先，它使用基于伊斯兰戒律的指数来评估伊斯兰银行 (IB) 所传达的（在年度报告和网站中披露的信息）的道德价值观。其次，本研究论文分析了在巴基斯坦 IB 工作的员工对前面提到的以指数形式构建的维度的看法。第三，它探讨了巴基斯坦 IB 传播的和感知的道德价值观之间的差异（如果有的话）。

设计/方法/方法

本研究结合了两种研究方法，即内容分析（定性方法）和描述性分析（定量方法）来评估传达和感知的伦理价值。设计了一个清单，包括总共六个维度和 106 个项目或结构。对于感知道德，调查方法用于通过在员工之间分发问卷来探索IB在实践中在多大程度上符合巴基斯坦的伊斯兰金融道德。

发现

这项研究揭示了巴基斯坦 IB 总体上令人满意的沟通和感知道德价值观。人们普遍认为，与巴基斯坦的其他三家银行相比，Meezan 银行在各个方面都表现良好。迪拜伊斯兰银行和阿尔巴拉卡伊斯兰银行等一些银行缺乏适当的年度报告格式。它建议对员工进行适当的培训和发展，特别是有关伊斯兰银行产品和程序的培训。此外，建议主动吸引社会女性和环境保护相关活动。

研究限制/影响

由于数据和时间限制，本研究无法实现扩展的受益人分析。因此，对于未来的研究，建议将利益相关者的分析扩展到 IB 员工之外。

实际影响

这项研究可能有助于政策制定者和其他利益相关者改善形象并促进巴基斯坦国际银行的进一步发展。

社会影响

本研究是企业社会责任的一部分，因此它将为银行业的社会规范增加价值，并提供基于伊斯兰伦理道德体系的不同维度和构建。它突出了银行家对社会的责任。

原创性/价值

本文支持新兴市场的伊斯兰银行和金融现象，并展示了其对经济的潜在增长。