Purpose

This study, a symposium, aims to explore the determinants of financial inclusion, impact of cross-country income-variations on financial inclusion, do high-income countries really uplift the financial inclusion and does the higher financial inclusion index indicate the larger economy?

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts the panel data model to investigate the impact of high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries on financial inclusion. However, this study further adopts the principal component analysis rather than Sarma’s approach to calculate the financial inclusion index.

Findings

Based on the Data of World Bank, United Nations, International Monetary Fund, World Development Indicators, this study concludes that there is no nexus between income variations and financial inclusion, as the study reveals that some low- and middle-income countries have greater financial inclusion index such as Thailand (2.8538FII), Brazil (1.9526FII) and Turkey (0.8582FII). In low- and middle-income countries, the gross domestic product per capita, information technology and communication, the rule of law, age dependency ratio and urbanization have a noteworthy impact on financial inclusion that accumulatively describe the 83% of the model. Whereas, in high-income countries, merely, information technology and urbanization have a substantial influence on the growth of financial revolution and financial inclusion that describes the 70% of the total.

Research limitations/implications

The biggest limitation is the availability of data from different countries.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper is its technique, which is used in this paper to calculate the financial inclusion index. Furthermore, this study contributes to 40 different countries based on income, which could help to boost financial inclusion, and ultimately, it leads them toward economic growth.

中文翻译：

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跨国收入差异和包容性融资

目的

这项研究是一个座谈会，旨在探讨金融包容性的决定因素，跨国收入差异对金融包容性的影响，高收入国家是否真的提高了金融包容性，而更高的金融包容性指数是否表明经济规模更大？

设计/方法/方法

本研究采用面板数据模型来调查高收入国家和中低收入国家对金融普惠性的影响。但是，本研究进一步采用主成分分析而非Sarma的方法来计算金融普惠指数。

发现

根据世界银行，联合国，国际货币基金组织，世界发展指标的数据，该研究得出的结论是，收入差异与金融包容性之间没有联系，因为该研究表明，一些中低收入国家的金融状况更好。包含指数，例如泰国（2.8538FII），巴西（1.9526FII）和土耳其（0.8582FII）。在低收入和中等收入国家，人均国内生产总值，信息技术和通信，法治，年龄抚养比和城市化对金融包容性具有显着影响，累计描述了该模型的83％。而在高收入国家中，

研究局限/意义

最大的限制是来自不同国家/地区的数据的可用性。

创意/价值

本文的独创性是其技术，本文将其用于计算金融普惠指数。此外，这项研究基于收入为40个不同的国家做出了贡献，这可能有助于促进金融包容性，最终使他们走向经济增长。