Purpose

This study aims to determine the direct effect of entrepreneurial orientation on family business performance. This study also discusses the role of family involvement as a mediating variable and the role of gender as a moderating variable in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and family business performance.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 328 hotels in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, were selected as samples by the convenience sampling method. Primary data is collected through structured questionnaires that are delivered by themselves to key people in the hotel such as owners, directors and key staff (HRD, financial, relationship). Hypotheses are tested by structural equation modeling procedures using AMOS 22.0. Sobel test is used to determine the indirect effect of the mediation variable.

Findings

The results showed that entrepreneurial orientation had no significant effect on family business performance. Family involvement acts as a full mediation in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and family business performance. Gender acts as a moderating variable that can strengthen the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and family business performance. The results showed support for previous research.

Research limitations/implications

The results of the study cannot conclude the national family business because it adopts convenience sampling and the sampling area is limited in Yogyakarta. Future research can use a larger sample. This study only researches hotels managed by family businesses, so it is not feasible to conclude for family businesses in general. Future research may choose to use several types of family businesses so that more varied results can be obtained. Future research could also compare hotels managed by family businesses with non-family businesses. The results also found that in addition to gender roles, respondent heterogeneity was an important component in the study of social identity. Therefore, research examining the influence of different cultures on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and family business performance should be an extraordinary topic for future study. Other results from this study also indicate that there is a role for religion in improving hotel performance. Future research is needed to further explore Islamic business modeling for family businesses.

Practical implications

This finding has significant implications that can help family businesses in developing strategies that are suitable for business management. Entrepreneurial orientation occupies a strategic position in developing sustainable competitive advantage in the family business of the tourism sector especially the hotel business in Yogyakarta for the better. Besides, the results of the study also showed that entrepreneurial orientation had no significant effect on performance. This relationship becomes significant when combined with active family involvement. This finding also shows that entrepreneurial orientation has the potential to have a more beneficial effect because of the active involvement of the family in helping with business management, alleviating business-related problems, and having a significant influence when the family also acts as management.

Social implications

Research findings indicate the role of gender in strengthening the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and family business performance. This provides a good position for women in the social environment to show achievement. To place women on the side of gender equality and justice in the family business in Indonesia. By opening wider access for Indonesian women in the realm of business management, expanding women's participation in a family business, increasing the role of control for women, and increasing women's knowledge and skills to increase the benefits in managing family businesses so that they have sustainable resilience in the face of global competition.

Originality/value

The results of this study provide a new model in providing an overview of the direct and indirect roles (mediating and moderating) in the assessment of family business performance. This study uses three variables which are important in performance appraisal, namely entrepreneurial orientation (independent variable), family involvement (mediating variable) and gender (moderating variable). Where research that combines these four variables, directly and indirectly, has never been done before.

中文翻译：

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创业导向、家庭参与和性别对家族企业绩效的直接和间接影响

目的

本研究旨在确定创业导向对家族企业绩效的直接影响。本研究还讨论了家庭参与作为中介变量的作用以及性别作为调节变量在创业导向和家族企业绩效之间的关系中的作用。

设计/方法/方法

通过便利抽样方法，共选取了印度尼西亚日惹的 328 家酒店作为样本。主要数据是通过结构化问卷收集的，这些问卷由他们自己发送给酒店的关键人员，例如业主、董事和关键员工（HRD、财务、关系）。假设通过使用 AMOS 22.0 的结构方程建模程序进行测试。Sobel 检验用于确定中介变量的间接影响。

发现

结果表明，创业导向对家族企业绩效没有显着影响。家族参与在创业导向与家族企业绩效之间的关系中起到了充分的中介作用。性别是一个调节变量，可以加强创业导向与家族企业绩效之间的关系。结果显示了对先前研究的支持。

研究限制/影响

该研究的结果无法得出全国家族企业的结论，因为它采用便利抽样，且抽样区域在日惹有限。未来的研究可以使用更大的样本。本研究仅针对家族企业经营的酒店进行研究，因此对于一般家族企业的结论是不可行的。未来的研究可能会选择使用几种类型的家族企业，以便获得更多不同的结果。未来的研究还可以将由家族企业管理的酒店与非家族企业管理的酒店进行比较。结果还发现，除了性别角色外，受访者异质性是社会认同研究的重要组成部分。所以，研究不同文化对创业导向和家族企业绩效之间关系的影响应该是未来研究的一个非凡课题。这项研究的其他结果还表明，宗教在提高酒店绩效方面发挥了作用。未来的研究需要进一步探索家族企业的伊斯兰商业模式。

实际影响

这一发现具有重要意义，可以帮助家族企业制定适合企业管理的战略。创业导向在发展旅游业家族企业的可持续竞争优势方面占有战略地位，尤其是日惹的酒店业务。此外，研究结果还表明，创业导向对绩效没有显着影响。当与积极的家庭参与相结合时，这种关系变得很重要。这一发现还表明，由于家庭积极参与帮助企业管理，减轻与企业相关的问题，创业导向有可能产生更有益的影响，

社会影响

研究结果表明性别在加强创业导向和家族企业绩效之间的关系中的作用。这为女性在社会环境中展现成就提供了良好的地位。在印度尼西亚的家族企业中，让女性站在性别平等和正义的一边。通过在企业管理领域为印度尼西亚女性提供更广泛的机会，扩大女性对家族企业的参与，增加女性的控制权，增加女性的知识和技能，以增加管理家族企业的收益，使她们具有可持续的复原力面对全球竞争。

原创性/价值

本研究的结果提供了一个新模型，概述了家族企业绩效评估中的直接和间接作用（中介和调节）。本研究使用了三个对绩效评估很重要的变量，即创业取向（自变量）、家庭参与（中介变量）和性别（调节变量）。以前从未进行过直接和间接结合这四个变量的研究。