Purpose

The present research has been conceptualized to make an inter-district analysis in terms of IHDI of Uttar Pradesh. It aims to provide district-wise estimates of HDI and IHDI with the latest available data, which may prove to be a critical policy input to the policy makers that how different districts are performing in terms of education, health and standard of living parameters and help in implementing tailor made policy actions.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper utilizes the Census of India data and unit-level data of National Sample Survey (NSS) for constructing HDI and IHDI. The broad framework for computing IHDI in this study is similar to the approach of UNDP's HDR 2010. To adjust the inequality aspect, the Atkinson inequality aversion parameter has been estimated at indicator level on the basis of NSS unit record data.

Findings

The study reveals that inequality discounted income index is on an average 30 percent lower than unadjusted income index. However, quite high variation exists in case of education and health. The difference ranges from 30 percent to 40 percent in the case of education and from 3 to 36 percent in the health dimension. The surprising fact which study finds that health infrastructure and education infrastructure are poorly correlated with their respective outcomes.

Research limitations/implications

The study offers a policy suggestion that increasing investment on educational and health infrastructure will not have any significant impact on their respective outcomes unless distributional inequalities are reduced. The study also suggests that rising income inequalities are threat to inclusive growth and sustainable development goals agenda. Thus, it recommends policy makers to take pro-active timely policy measures to reduce income inequalities. The educational achievement should be fixed in terms of average years of schooling and expected years of schooling rather than in terms of literacy rate.

Originality/value

The present research is an original work. This is the first study in the case of Uttar Pradesh which attempted to estimate district-wise IHDI following the internationally accepted UNDP (2010) methodology.

中文翻译：

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不平等与人类发展：北方邦的增长有多包容？

目的

目前的研究已被概念化，以根据北方邦的 IHDI 进行区域间分析。它旨在提供地区级的 HDI 和 IHDI 估计值以及最新的可用数据，这些数据可能被证明是决策者的重要政策投入，了解不同地区在教育、健康和生活标准方面的表现如何，并有助于实施量身定制的政策行动。

设计/方法/方法

本文利用印度人口普查数据和国家抽样调查（NSS）的单位级数据构建 HDI 和 IHDI。本研究中计算 IHDI 的广泛框架类似于 UNDP 2010 年 HDR 的方法。为了调整不平等方面，阿特金森不平等厌恶参数已根据 NSS 单位记录数据在指标级别进行估计。

发现

研究表明，不平等贴现收入指数平均比未经调整的收入指数低 30%。然而，在教育和健康方面存在相当大的差异。教育方面的差异在 30% 到 40% 之间，健康方面的差异在 3% 到 36% 之间。令人惊讶的事实是，研究发现卫生基础设施和教育基础设施与其各自的结果相关性极差。

研究限制/影响

该研究提供了一项政策建议，即除非减少分配不平等，否则增加对教育和卫生基础设施的投资不会对其各自的结果产生任何重大影响。该研究还表明，收入不平等加剧对包容性增长和可持续发展目标议程构成威胁。因此，它建议政策制定者采取积极主动的及时政策措施，以减少收入不平等。教育成就应根据平均受教育年限和预期受教育年限来确定，而不是根据识字率来确定。

原创性/价值

本研究为原创作品。这是关于北方邦的第一项研究，该研究试图按照国际公认的开发计划署（2010 年）方法估算地区级 IHDI。