Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to measure the impact of financial inclusion on economic development.

Design/methodology/approach

Study 1 used World Bank Data to develop financial inclusion percentages of ownership of checking accounts, savings accounts, debit cards and loans for 179 countries among the poorest 40% of the population, from 2011–2017. Regressions established the financial inclusion, gross savings and GDP per capita growth linkage. Study 2 created and validated scales to measure social empowerment, economic empowerment and economic development, among inhabitants of Bangladesh villages. Structural equation modeling measured the mediation by social empowerment and economic empowerment of the financial inclusion and economic development linkage.

Findings

Total financial inclusion was significantly explained by gross savings, which was significantly explained by GDP per capita growth. Ownership of a checking account significantly increased gross savings, while ownership of a savings account significantly increased GDP per capita growth. Ownership of a checking account differentiated countries with the highest 5% of gross savings, while ownership of a debit card significantly differentiated countries with the GDP per capita growth. Social empowerment and economic empowerment significantly mediated the financial inclusion and economic development relationship.

Originality/value

The study is unique in examining financial inclusion from a multi country, macroeconomic perspective combined with measurement of its theoretical underpinnings through a primary data-based sample extracted from respondents in Bangladesh, a lower middle-income country in Southeast Asia.

中文翻译：

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普惠金融对经济发展的影响：总储蓄、社会赋权和经济赋权的中介作用

目的

本文旨在衡量普惠金融对经济发展的影响。

设计/方法/方法

研究 1 使用世界银行数据制定了 2011 年至 2017 年 179 个国家中最贫困的 40% 人口的支票账户、储蓄账户、借记卡和贷款所有权的普惠金融百分比。回归建立了金融普惠性，总储蓄和人均GDP增长联系。研究 2 创建并验证了衡量孟加拉国村庄居民的社会赋权、经济赋权和经济发展的量表。结构方程模型衡量了社会赋权和经济赋权对金融包容性和经济发展联系的中介作用。

发现

总储蓄显着解释了总金融包容性，而人均 GDP 增长显着解释了总储蓄。拥有支票账户显着增加了总储蓄，而拥有储蓄账户显着增加了人均 GDP 增长。拥有支票账户的国家差异化了储蓄总额最高 5% 的国家，而拥有借记卡的国家差异化了人均 GDP 增长的国家。社会赋权和经济赋权显着调节了普惠金融和经济发展的关系。

原创性/价值

该研究的独特之处在于，从多国、宏观经济的角度，结合从东南亚中低收入国家孟加拉国的受访者中提取的基于主要数据的样本对其理论基础的衡量，结合了对其理论基础的衡量。