Purpose

Since 1974, Japan's total fertility rate has been constantly below replacement level. The purpose of this paper is to focus on Japan's low fertility issue and countermeasures that were adopted, in order to explore the reasons why the countermeasures were unable to solve the problem?

Design/methodology/approach

The paper analyzes both the historical changes and the current situation of Japan's countermeasures. It also focuses on how in Japan marriage behavior and couples' fertility behavior changed during the implementation of the countermeasures from both objective and subjective perspectives. Based on results of the analysis, the paper explores the inherent problems regarding the countermeasures.

Findings

The paper shows that there is no sign that Japan's low fertility could be overcome, and puts forward three problems regarding the countermeasures. The paper suggests paying greater attention to the contradictions in the current policies and to go beyond the field of family policy and population policy to consider the following questions from a more macro perspective: (1) how to make fertility more desirable and meaningful and (2) how to encourage the related social systems to promote people's spontaneity both in marriage and childbearing.

Originality/value

The paper uses the latest data and focuses on analyzing the countermeasures from a more macro perspective rather than discussing specific problems of the countermeasures. Based on both objective data and subjective views and, given the characteristics of Japanese society, the paper explores in depth the problems regarding the countermeasures. By improving empirical knowledge, the paper seeks to contribute more generally to low fertility countries' “fertility revival”.

中文翻译：

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日本少子化对策：历史、现状与问题

目的

自1974年以来，日本的总和生育率一直低于更替水平。本文旨在围绕日本低生育率问题及采取的对策，探讨对策未能解决问题的原因？

设计/方法/方法

文章分析了日本对策的历史变迁和现状。还从客观和主观两个方面关注了日本的婚姻行为和夫妻生育行为在对策实施过程中的变化。在分析结果的基础上，本文探讨了对策的内在问题。

发现

论文表明日本的低生育率没有任何可以克服的迹象，并提出了三个问题的对策。文章建议更多地关注现行政策中的矛盾，超越家庭政策和人口政策领域，从更宏观的角度考虑以下问题：（1）如何让生育更可取、更有意义；（2） ) 如何鼓励相关社会制度促进人们婚育的自发性。

原创性/价值

本文使用最新数据，重点从更宏观的角度分析对策，而不是讨论对策的具体问题。本文基于客观数据和主观观点，结合日本社会的特点，深入探讨了对策中存在的问题。通过改进实证知识，本文力求为低生育率国家的“生育率复苏”做出更广泛的贡献。