Purpose

The term “charity hazard” refers to the issue of the crowding out of insurance by co-existing relief programs in the context of different institutional governmental disaster schemes. In this context, the aim of this paper is to verify if the charity hazard phenomenon exists in the Italian agricultural insurance scheme.

Design/methodology/approach

Annual data regarding crop insurance, subsidies and farm structure were extracted from ISMEA, ISTAT and FADN databases. A SYS-GMM dynamic panel model was estimated, considering the 2010–2017 time period and the Italian Regions as units of the analysis.

Findings

The empirical results highlight a negative relation between crop subsidies and the farmers' policies and total premium paid. The disincentive and crowd-out effects of public aid and subsidies on the choice of whether or not to take out an agricultural insurance policy ends up being one of the key factors for the low level of penetration of the agricultural insurance in Italy.

Practical implications

Since the diffusion of agricultural insurance can contribute to the general objective of sustainability and resilience, the implementation of alternative solutions to subsidies could be needed (e.g. the introduction of mandatory insurance against adversities or financial support for a geographically specific insurance tool).

Originality/value

Investigating empirically the determinants of the agricultural insurance policy diffusion among the Italian Regions, this study ensures an original contribution to the scientific progress in the field, demonstrating the existence of charity hazard caused by the public subsidies provision.

中文翻译：

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意大利挤出农业保险和补贴制度：慈善风险现象的经验证据

目的

“慈善危害”一词是指在不同的机构性政府灾难计划的背景下，通过同时存在救济计划而挤占保险的问题。在这种情况下，本文的目的是验证意大利农业保险计划中是否存在慈善危害现象。

设计/方法/方法

有关作物保险，补贴和农场结构的年度数据是从ISMEA，ISTAT和FADN数据库中提取的。估计了SYS-GMM动态面板模型，其中考虑了2010-2017年期间和意大利地区作为分析单位。

发现

实证结果表明，农作物补贴与农民政策和已缴总保费之间存在负相关关系。公共援助和补贴对是否选择农业保险政策的选择产生了抑制和挤出效应，最终成为意大利农业保险普及率低的关键因素之一。

实际影响

由于农业保险的普及可以促进可持续性和复原力的总体目标，因此可能需要实施替代补贴的解决方案（例如，针对逆境引入强制性保险或针对特定地理位置的保险工具提供财政支持）。

创意/价值

本研究以经验方式调查了意大利各地区之间农业保险政策传播的决定因素，从而确保了对该领域科学进步的原创性贡献，证明了由公共补贴条款引起的慈善风险的存在。