Evolutionary and neuroscientific approaches to intergroup bias have been highly generative, but research has yet to consider how these two approaches can build on each other. Here, we review neuroscientific methods findings on intergroup bias. We then review the emerging perspective that views intergroup bias as a psychological adaptation to pressures present in ancestral ecologies. We conclude by considering evidence that collectivist and individualist cultures evolved in response to unique ecological threats. As such, members of each should be differentially susceptible to environmental cues connoting threats to pathogens. We then propose future directions for neuroscientific research that assesses intergroup bias from an evolutionary perspective. Consideration of cultural factors should enable improved understanding of intergroup bias, with proper consideration of how biology and psychology have adapted to the social environments faced in ancestral populations.

进化上和神经科学上的解决群体间偏见的方法已经很广泛了，但是研究还没有考虑到这两种方法如何相互依存。在这里，我们审查关于组间偏见的神经科学方法的发现。然后，我们回顾新兴的观点，即将群体间的偏见视为对祖先生态中存在的压力的心理适应。我们通过考虑证据证明集体主义和个人主义文化是在应对独特的生态威胁后演变而得出的结论。因此，每个成员都应有区别地易受环境暗示的影响，这些暗示暗示了对病原体的威胁。然后，我们提出了神经科学研究的未来方向，以从进化的角度评估群体间的偏见。考虑文化因素应有助于增进对群体间偏见的理解，