Indian classical music also known as rāga music traces its origin to the style of chanting hymns of the Sāmaveda (2nd-3rd Millennium BCE) that is in practice to this day. The transition from the sacred to secular or worldly music is textually evidenced for the first time in the Nāya-śāstra of Bharata (100 BCE-100CE). All texts attest to the fact that the string instrument generically called Vīā, that is in use since Vedic times is indispensable in understanding the subtle nuances of the theory behind Hindu classical music. The present paper reviews some of the well-known texts from a historical perspective to bring out several scientific aspects studied or expounded by our ancient authors regarding technical terms such as śruti, svara, dvigua and rāga that form the foundation of the theory. It is demonstrated that the theory and practice of rāga music is based on the probabilistic concept alpatva-bahutva, first enunciated by Bharata and elaborated later by Dattila, Mataga, Śārgadeva among others.

中文翻译：

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梵语文本中的Śruti，Svara和Rāga古典音乐概念

印度古典音乐也被称为“拉嘎”音乐，其起源可追溯到今天一直在实践的萨玛维达赞美诗（Sāmaveda）（公元前2至3世纪）。从神圣音乐到世俗音乐或世俗音乐的过渡在巴拉塔的Nāya-śāstra（100 BCE-100CE）中得到了首次文字记载。所有文本都证明了这样一种事实，即吠陀时代以来一直使用的通用乐器Vīā在理解印度古典音乐背后的理论细微差别方面必不可少。本文从历史的角度回顾了一些著名的著作，以提出我们古代作者研究或阐述的构成科学理论基础的技术术语（如茹鲁蒂（sruti），斯瓦拉（svara），德维古拉（dvigua）和茹阿加（rāga）的几个科学方面。