当前位置: X-MOL 学术Indian Journal of History of Science › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
The Relationship between Science and Technology and Evolution in Methods of Knowledge Production
Indian Journal of History of Science Pub Date : 2019-03-01 , DOI: 10.16943/ijhs/2019/v54i1/49597
R. B. Grover

The concept of knowledge for the sake of knowledge was practiced by many philosophers considering knowledge as civilising and to have intrinsic values. A utilitarian case for knowledge was made during 13th century; however, science and engineering continued to follow parallel trajectories. Pursuit of technology intensified with the availability of energy from coal on a large scale during the 18th century, and during the 19th century, some scientists started pursuing engineering (increasingly called technology) with an eye for the use of science in practice. Some were members of both communities and worked as scientists-engineers or engineer-scientists. Gradually technology became a mirror-image of science with its norms, practices and journals, and science & technology are now fully intertwined. After the second world war, a linear model stating that basic science leads to technological development was proposed. It was challenged by the reverse linear model emphasising that new scientific possibilities are created by technology. During recent decades, several models analysing relationship between science and technology have been proposed and these are non-hierarchical. Increased understanding of the relationship between science and technology, acceleration in knowledge production, and a squeeze on funding of research by Governments has changed methods of knowledge production. This paper analyses the relationship, presents a modified version of an existing representation of the relationship, and explains the characteristics of current methods of knowledge production.

中文翻译:

科学技术与知识生产方法演变的关系

为了知识的缘故,知识的概念被许多哲学家所实践,他们认为知识是文明的,并具有内在的价值。在13世纪提出了一个实用主义的知识案例。然而,科学和工程学继续遵循平行的轨迹。随着18世纪大规模地从煤炭中获取能源,人们对技术的追求日益增强,在19世纪,一些科学家开始着眼于在实践中利用科学来追求工程学(越来越多地称为技术)。一些人是两个社区的成员,并担任过科学家,工程师或工程师科学家的工作。逐渐地,技术因其规范,实践和期刊而成为科学的镜像,而科学技术现已完全交织在一起。第二次世界大战后 提出了一个线性模型,该模型说明基础科学导致技术发展。它受到反向线性模型的挑战,该模型强调技术创造了新的科学可能性。在最近的几十年中,已经提出了几种分析科学与技术之间关系的模型,这些模型是非分层的。对科学与技术之间的关系的加深了解,知识生产的加速以及各国政府对研究经费的紧缩,已经改变了知识生产的方法。本文分析了这种关系,提出了现有关系表示的修改版本,并解释了当前知识生产方法的特征。它受到反向线性模型的挑战,该模型强调技术创造了新的科学可能性。在最近的几十年中,已经提出了几种分析科学与技术之间关系的模型,这些模型是非分层的。对科学与技术之间关系的更多了解,知识生产的加速以及各国政府对研究经费的紧缩,已经改变了知识生产的方法。本文分析了这种关系,提出了该关系的现有表示形式的修改版本,并解释了当前知识生产方法的特征。它受到反向线性模型的挑战,该模型强调技术创造了新的科学可能性。在最近的几十年中,已经提出了几种分析科学与技术之间关系的模型,这些模型是非分层的。对科学与技术之间的关系的加深了解,知识生产的加速以及各国政府对研究经费的紧缩,已经改变了知识生产的方法。本文分析了这种关系,提出了该关系的现有表示形式的修改版本,并解释了当前知识生产方法的特征。已经提出了几种分析科学与技术之间关系的模型,这些模型是非分层的。对科学与技术之间的关系的加深了解,知识生产的加速以及各国政府对研究经费的紧缩,已经改变了知识生产的方法。本文分析了这种关系,提出了现有关系表示的修改版本,并解释了当前知识生产方法的特征。已经提出了几种分析科学与技术之间关系的模型,这些模型是非分层的。对科学与技术之间的关系的加深了解,知识生产的加速以及各国政府对研究经费的紧缩,已经改变了知识生产的方法。本文分析了这种关系,提出了该关系的现有表示形式的修改版本,并解释了当前知识生产方法的特征。
更新日期:2019-03-01
down
wechat
bug