The ascensional difference or the cara is a fundamental astronomical concept that is crucial in determining the durations of day and night, which are a function of the observer’s latitude and the time of the year. Due to its importance, almost all astronomical texts prescribe a certain procedure for the determination of this element. The text Lagnaprakaraṇa—a hitherto unpublished manuscript attributed to Mādhava, the founder of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics—however discusses not one, but a number of techniques for the determination of the cara that are both interesting and innovative. The present paper aims to discuss these techniques.

中文翻译：

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Lagnaprakarana的提升差异的确定

升力差或卡拉是一个基本的天文概念，对于确定白天和黑夜的持续时间至关重要，而持续时间取决于观察者的纬度和一年中的时间。由于其重要性，几乎所有的天文文献都规定了确定该元素的特定程序。文本Lagnaprakaraṇa是迄今未出版的手稿，归功于喀拉拉邦天文和数学学院的创始人Mādhava，尽管讨论的不是一种方法，而是讨论了许多有趣而新颖的确定卡拉的技术。本文旨在讨论这些技术。