The period of growing tensions between the United States and Russia (2013–2019) saw mutual accusations of digital interference, disinformation, fake news, and propaganda, particularly following the Ukraine crisis and the 2016 US presidential election. This article asks how the United States and Russia represent each other’s and their own propaganda, its threat, and power over audiences. We examine these representations in US and Russian policy documents and online articles from public diplomacy media Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) and RT. The way propaganda is framed, (de)legitimized, and securitized has important implications for public understanding of crises, policy responses, and future diplomacy. We demonstrate how propaganda threats have become a major part of the discourse about the US–Russia relationship in recent years, prioritizing state-centred responses and disempowering audiences.

在美国和俄罗斯之间日益紧张的时期（2013-2019年），相互指责了数字干扰，虚假信息，虚假新闻和宣传，尤其是在乌克兰危机和2016年美国总统大选之后。本文提出了美国和俄罗斯如何代表彼此和他们自己的宣传，它的威胁以及对听众的力量。我们在美国和俄罗斯的政策文件以及公共外交媒体自由欧洲电台/自由电台（RFE / RL）和RT的在线文章中研究了这些表示形式。宣传的框架，去合法化和证券化方式，对公众对危机，政策反应和未来外交的理解具有重要意义。我们展示了宣传威胁如何成为近年来有关美俄关系的重要话题，