To make their business profitable, oil multinationals have to include in their strategies the transport of crude oil from production sites to markets. This article focuses on Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (Eni), the Italian state-owned oil company – a significant firm in the oil industry in the second half of the twentieth century – to show how oil businesses have overcome trading limitations by establishing transportation systems comprising ships, ports and pipelines. Initially, the article focuses on the relationship between oil market growth and the development of oil transport from 1945 until the early 1970s. Secondly, it analyses the growth of Eni’s fleet and the increase in ship size, emphasising limitations and constraints in an international perspective. Finally, the development of ports and pipelines – vital links in the oil supply chain – is assessed.

中文翻译：

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石油运输：埃尼船队、意大利港口和管道，1950-1980

为了使他们的业务有利可图，石油跨国公司必须将原油从生产地点运输到市场中。本文重点介绍意大利国有石油公司 Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (Eni) – 20 世纪下半叶石油行业的重要公司 – 展示石油企业如何通过建立由船舶组成的运输系统来克服贸易限制、港口和管道。最初，本文关注石油市场增长与 1945 年至 1970 年代初期石油运输发展之间的关系。其次，它分析了埃尼船队的增长和船舶规模的增加，强调了国际视野中的局限性和约束。最后，