Background:

Anxiety disorders are common in children and contribute to adverse developmental outcomes. Although etiological models of child anxiety have identified various environmental factors, very few studies in India have examined these factors in children presenting with anxiety disorders. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine parenting styles, parental personality, and child temperament in children with anxiety disorders in an Indian outpatient setting.

Methods:

In total, 42 children with anxiety disorders and 42 typically developing children, matched on age and gender, were screened using Child Behavior Checklist, Color Progressive Matrices, and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders Parent version. Their parents were screened using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0, following which they filled the questionnaires for parenting styles, parent personality, and child temperament.

Results:

There were significant differences between the two groups on parenting style, parent personality, and child temperament. Anxiety disorder was positively associated with the father’s permissiveness and negatively with the mother’s authoritativeness and child’s sociability. A combination of parenting styles and child temperament explained 69% of the variances in child anxiety disorders. There were significant associations between parental personality, child temperament, and parenting style. Parent and child characteristics explained 14%–46% of the variances in parenting styles.

Conclusion:

Results of this study are generally consistent with Western studies outlining the influence of child temperament and parenting styles on child outcome and have important implications for clinical management of anxiety disorders.

中文翻译：

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焦虑症儿童的教养方式、父母个性和儿童气质——来自印度的临床研究

背景：

焦虑症在儿童中很常见，会导致不良的发育结果。尽管儿童焦虑的病因模型已经确定了各种环境因素，但印度很少有研究在患有焦虑症的儿童中检查这些因素。因此，本研究旨在检查印度门诊环境中焦虑症儿童的养育方式、父母个性和儿童气质。

方法：

总共有 42 名患有焦虑症的儿童和 42 名正常发育的儿童，年龄和性别相匹配，使用儿童行为检查表、颜色渐进矩阵和儿童焦虑相关情绪障碍家长版筛查。使用Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0对他们的父母进行筛选，然后填写关于养育方式、父母性格和孩子气质的问卷。

结果：

两组在教养方式、父母性格和孩子气质方面存在显着差异。焦虑症与父亲的宽容度呈正相关，与母亲的权威性和孩子的社交能力呈负相关。育儿方式和儿童气质的结合解释了儿童焦虑症差异的 69%。父母的性格、孩子的气质和养育方式之间存在显着关联。父母和孩子的特征解释了育儿方式差异的 14%–46%。

结论：

这项研究的结果与西方研究大致一致，这些研究概述了儿童气质和养育方式对儿童结局的影响，并对焦虑症的临床管理具有重要意义。