The mass media is increasingly promoting public participation. Taking as a starting point the participatory transparency concept enunciated by Karlsson (2010), our research studies the audience’s active role in holding Spanish media to account through a range of online tools. We study the role of the audience by analyzing the perceptions of two main actors: journalists and citizens. A two-fold methodology was adopted: a questionnaire survey of 228 active journalists in Spain and six focus group panels with media users. The main results show that the journalists are not optimistic about the effectiveness of accountability instruments used by the audience. The users value positively being able to participate in the journalistic process, although they believe that journalists should ultimately perform the role of fact-checkers of user-generated content.

大众媒体越来越多地促进公众参与。以卡尔森（Karlsson，2010）所阐述的参与式透明概念为起点，我们的研究研究了受众在促使西班牙媒体通过一系列在线工具进行问责方面的积极作用。我们通过分析两个主要参与者（记者和公民）的看法来研究观众的角色。采用了两种方法：对西班牙228名活跃的记者进行问卷调查，并与媒体用户一起组成六个焦点小组。主要结果表明，记者对观众使用的问责制工具的有效性并不乐观。用户积极评价能够参与新闻采访过程，