Despite the apparent consensus that European Union (EU) normative power embodies a Kantian cosmopolitan approach to world politics, such a consensus is typically presupposed by scholars, rather than being critically examined by them. By offering macro-historical reflections, this article argues that EU normative power deviates from the Kantian cosmopolitan ideal and in fact replicates the Hobbesian logic of normative homogenization. Renouncing the medieval Vatican’s ambition to construct a united Europe anchored in uniform normativity, Kantian theory celebrates multiple normalcy as the basis for human freedom, perpetual peace, and mutual transformation. In contrast, Hobbesian theory is driven by the conviction that a peaceful value-based community could be built only through normative homogenization, behavioural conformism, and moral unity. In Hobbesian theory, the Leviathan exercises a transformative power to socialize others, eliminate discords, and build a commonwealth through norm diffusion and public education. In this vein, the EU’s aspiration to build a normatively homogenous Europe seems to reflect Hobbes’s vision of normative unity, rather than Kant’s vision of cosmopolitan diversity. Should the EU aspire to pursue a cosmopolitan foreign policy, it needs to pay more attention to the power-political implications of its drive toward normative homogenization and shift its focus from socialization to mutual transformation.

尽管显然有共识，即欧盟的规范能力体现了康德式的世界政治方法，但这种共识通常是学者为前提的，而不是由学者进行批判性研究的。通过提供宏观历史的反思，本文认为欧盟的规范力量偏离了康德的世界主义理想，实际上是在复制霍布斯的规范同质化逻辑。康德理论宣布放弃中世纪梵蒂冈建立统一规范的统一欧洲的雄心，并赞扬多重常态作为人类自由，永久和平与相互转变的基础。相反，霍布斯理论的信念是，只有通过规范的同质化，行为顺从性和道德统一性，才能建立一个基于价值的和平社区。在霍布斯理论中，利维坦行使一种变革力量，通过规范传播和公共教育，使他人社交，消除不和并建立联邦。从这个角度来看，欧盟建立一个规范上统一的欧洲的愿望似乎反映了霍布斯对规范统一的看法，而不是康德对国际多元化的看法。如果欧盟渴望奉行国际化的外交政策，它需要更多地关注其朝着规范化同质化的动力所带来的权力政治影响，并将其关注点从社会化转向相互转化。欧盟建立一个规范性统一的欧洲的愿望似乎反映了霍布斯的规范性统一观，而不是康德的国际化多样性观。如果欧盟渴望奉行国际化的外交政策，它需要更多地关注其朝着规范化同质化的动力所带来的权力政治影响，并将其关注点从社会化转向相互转化。欧盟建立一个规范性统一的欧洲的愿望似乎反映了霍布斯的规范性统一观，而不是康德的国际化多样性观。如果欧盟渴望奉行国际化的外交政策，它需要更多地关注其朝着规范化同质化的动力所带来的权力政治影响，并将其关注点从社会化转向相互转化。