Abstract

This article presents the wartime state in the local context and looks at how the daily activity of local courts and police changed dramatically during the wartime period. It also assesses the complex role that police and local courtrooms played with regards to ethnicity and nationalism. The increasing authority of local courtrooms and the enhanced powers of policing, I argue, amplified the role of the state in certain aspects of London life, but reduced it in others. New demands on local courtrooms and policing could only be accommodated by the redirection of their efforts from pre-war priorities. The traditional roles of the police in addressing ‘moral’ crimes such as public drunkenness and gambling declined dramatically as policy redirected police resources towards the enforcement of wartime regulations, the support of military conscription and discipline, and the policing of immigrant communities and ethnic minorities, and of ‘enemy aliens’ in particular. Although the balance of power in the latter case was highly asymmetrical, those brought before the courtroom on accusations of being ‘outsiders’ or ‘enemies’ in the national community were not entirely without recourse. The public nature of courtrooms meant that, in some circumstances, they could become sites for the affirmation of rights and national belonging in wartime Britain, rather vehicles for their abrogation.

中文翻译：

---

“您在码头上失去了所有属于您的德语”：移民社区和伦敦战时国家，1914–18年

摘要

本文介绍了当地情况下的战时状态，并研究了战时当地法院和警察的日常活动是如何发生巨大变化的。它还评估了警察和地方法庭在种族和民族主义方面所起的复杂作用。我认为，地方法院的权威不断增强，以及治安力量的增强，在伦敦生活的某些方面扩大了国家的作用，但在其他方面却减弱了。对地方法庭和维持治安的新要求只能通过将他们的工作从战前的优先事项转移到其他地方来解决。警察在解决诸如公共醉酒和赌博之类的“道德”犯罪方面的传统作用急剧下降，因为政策将警察资源转移到执行战时法规上，军事征兵和纪律的支持，以及对移民社区和少数民族，尤其是“敌方外国人”的治安管理。尽管在后一种情况下，权力平衡是高度不对称的，但在法庭上被指责为民族社区中的“局外人”或“敌人”的权力并非完全没有追索权。法庭的公共性质意味着，在某些情况下，审判室可以成为确认战时英国的权利和国民归属的场所，而可以成为废除死刑的工具。那些被指控在民族社会中是“局外人”或“敌人”而被带到法庭的人并非没有追索权。法庭的公共性质意味着，在某些情况下，审判室可以成为确认战时英国的权利和国民归属的场所，而可以成为废除死刑的工具。那些被指控在民族社会中是“局外人”或“敌人”而被带到法庭的人并非没有追索权。法庭的公共性质意味着，在某些情况下，审判室可以成为确认战时英国的权利和国民归属的场所，而可以成为废除死刑的工具。