Abstract

The first modern publications in Yiddish which were intended for young readers in Eastern Europe—either original works or translations from foreign languages—appeared at the turn of the twentieth century as the sporadic initiatives of a few writers. A more systematic literature for children in Yiddish started relatively late, and was linked to the developing Yiddish school system. A growing number of writers and cultural activists, including Sholem Aleichem and Y. L. Peretz, became gradually aware of the importance and need for appropriate literature for children. Within less than a decade, the Yiddish book market was enriched with a variety of publications focused upon young readers whose ages ranged between 5 and 12 years. These publications included many translations (or adaptations) from foreign languages—either directly or indirectly—as well as original works by known Yiddish writers. The first Yiddish periodicals for youngsters, as well as textbooks, also appeared then, prior to World War I. Yiddishists and publishers established publishing companies for this purpose and initiated pretentious projects of which few were realized, or even partly realized. The current article will review and examine the first initiatives for publishing Yiddish children’s literature and periodicals, who the initiators were and what their purpose was. Also, to what extent these publications were accepted, and their contribution to modern Yiddish literature.

中文翻译：

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不再有“没有胡须的小犹太人”：对第一次世界大战之前东欧的意第绪儿童文学的见解

摘要

最初的意第绪语现代出版物是面向东欧年轻读者的，无论是原创作品还是外语译本，都是二十世纪初出现的，是少数作家的零星倡议。在意第绪语中，针对儿童的更为系统的文献起步相对较晚，并且与发展中的意第绪语学校系统有关。越来越多的作家和文化活动家，包括Sholem Aleichem和YL Peretz，逐渐意识到为儿童提供适当文学的重要性和必要性。在不到十年的时间里，意第绪书市场充斥了许多针对年龄在5至12岁之间的年轻读者的出版物。这些出版物包括许多直接或间接从外语的翻译（或改编），以及著名的意第绪作家的原创作品。第一次世界大战时期的意第绪语期刊以及教科书也出现在第一次世界大战之前。意第绪语主义者和出版商为此目的成立了出版公司，并发起了一些自欺欺人的项目，但这些项目几乎没有实现，甚至没有部分实现。本文将回顾和研究出版意第绪语儿童文学和期刊的最初举措，发起者是谁，目的是什么。同样，这些出版物在多大程度上被接受，以及它们对现代意第绪语文学的贡献。第一次世界大战之前，意第绪主义者和出版商为此成立了出版公司，并发起了一些自负的项目，而这些项目几乎没有实现，甚至部分实现了。本文将回顾和研究出版意第绪语儿童文学和期刊的最初举措，发起者是谁，目的是什么。同样，这些出版物在多大程度上被接受，以及它们对现代意第绪语文学的贡献。第一次世界大战之前，意第绪主义者和出版商都为此目的而成立了出版公司，并发起了一些自欺欺人的项目，而这些项目几乎没有实现，甚至部分实现了。本文将回顾和研究出版意第绪语儿童文学和期刊的最初举措，发起者是谁，目的是什么。同样，这些出版物在多大程度上被接受，以及它们对现代意第绪语文学的贡献。发起者是谁，目的是什么。同样，这些出版物在多大程度上被接受，以及它们对现代意第绪语文学的贡献。发起者是谁，目的是什么。同样，这些出版物在多大程度上被接受，以及它们对现代意第绪语文学的贡献。