This article traces how urban communities operating with a humoral or Galenic medical paradigm understood and confronted the health challenges facing them, using the extraordinarily well-documented case of Bologna, Italy. Working within a GIS environment, the authors spatially analyse over 3,500 events recorded by the Ufficio del fango concerning violations of the city's health-related ordinances, augmented by other demographic and material data. As such, the study not only adds specificity to recent attempts to enrich the field of pre-modern public health, but also demonstrates that the Bolognese administration had a sophisticated and evolving understanding of communal health risks, and exposes several discrepancies between policy and practice.

中文翻译：

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健康景观的动态：1287-1383 年博洛尼亚的公共卫生地图

本文追溯了采用体液或盖伦医学模式的城市社区如何理解和面对他们面临的健康挑战，并使用了意大利博洛尼亚的案例。作者在 GIS 环境中工作，在空间上分析了 3,500 多个由乌菲西奥·德尔方戈关于违反城市健康相关条例的行为，并辅以其他人口和材料数据。因此，该研究不仅为最近丰富前现代公共卫生领域的尝试增加了特异性，而且还表明博洛尼亚政府对公共健康风险有着复杂且不断发展的理解，并暴露了政策和实践之间的一些差异。