This article draws attention to the understudied literary career of one of Italy's most famous patriots, Giuseppe Garibaldi. From 1868 to 1874, Garibaldi wrote and published three novels: Clelia (1870), Cantoni (1870), and I Mille (1874). Scholars have recognised the works as evidence of Garibaldi's anticlericalism and dissatisfaction with Italy's political moderatism, but have not yet sufficiently shown how the novels reveal the influence of Garibaldi's involvement with the female emancipation movement and his personal relationships with unconventional women. While Garibaldi is less well-known for his feminism than other men of the left, like Giuseppe Mazzini, his fictional heroines celebrate female physical strength and violence, offer women a means of participating in the nation outside the home, and challenge the predominant sexual double standard. While acknowledging that Garibaldi often conformed to prevailing patriarchal literary conventions, this article argues that his novels simultaneously offer support for the values of female emancipation.

中文翻译：

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亚马逊人和堕落的女性：朱塞佩·加里波第小说中的女性违法行为

本文提请注意意大利最著名的爱国者之一朱塞佩·加里波第 (Giuseppe Garibaldi) 未被充分研究的文学生涯。从 1868 年到 1874 年，加里波第创作并出版了三部小说：克莱利亚(1870),坎托尼（1870），和我米勒（1874 年）。学者们已将这些作品视为加里波第反教权主义和对意大利政治温和主义不满的证据，但尚未充分展示这些小说如何揭示加里波第参与女性解放运动以及他与非传统女性的个人关系的影响。虽然加里波第的女权主义不如朱塞佩·马志尼（Giuseppe Mazzini）等其他左派男性而为人所知，但他虚构的女主人公颂扬女性的体力和暴力，为女性提供了一种在家庭之外参与国家的方式，并挑战占主导地位的性双重角色标准。虽然承认加里波第经常遵守盛行的父权文学惯例，但本文认为他的小说同时为女性解放的价值观提供了支持。