Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was the theorizer of Hindutva (1923)—the project to radically reconfigure India as a Hindu majoritarian state. Assessments of Savarkar's earlier The Indian War of Independence (1909), a history of the 1857 Indian “Mutiny,” have generally subsumed this tract into the logic of Hindutva. This article offers a reassessment of The Indian War of Independence and situates it within the political and intellectual context of fin de siècle western India. I suggest that this history of Indian rebellion propagated a novel iteration of Indian popular sovereignty predicated on Hindu–Muslim unity. I read Savarkar as adapting the ideas of Giuseppe Mazzini and Johann Kaspar Bluntschli to challenge what he regarded as the fissiparous logic of late colonial liberalism. Finally, this article argues that Savarkar's account of the mutual constitution of general will and the personalism of sovereignty must be read as a previously unacknowledged instance of Indian populism.

中文翻译：

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印度教之前的萨瓦卡：印度的主权、共和主义和民粹主义，c.1900–1920

Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 是 Hindutva（1923 年）的理论家，该项目旨在从根本上将印度重新配置为印度教多数主义国家。Savarkar 早期的评估印度独立战争（1909 年），一部 1857 年印度“叛变”的历史，一般将这部分内容纳入印度教的逻辑。这篇文章重新评估了印度独立战争并将其置于世纪末印度西部。我认为，这段印度叛乱的历史传播了印度人民主权的新迭代，其基础是印度教和穆斯林的团结。我认为萨瓦卡尔改编了朱塞佩·马志尼和约翰·卡斯帕·布伦奇利的思想，以挑战他认为晚期殖民自由主​​义的分裂逻辑。最后，本文认为，萨瓦卡对共同意志的共同构成和主权的个人主义的描述必须被解读为印度民粹主义以前未被承认的例子。