Current discussions of the early Jewish reception of Kantian philosophy are dominated by two major approaches. According to the first, this reception was governed by a universal Enlightenment rationalism that was present in Judaism no less than in Kantian philosophy. According to the second, it was the fact that Kantianism contained a latent Judaic kabbalistic philosophy that made it attractive to Jewish intellectuals. This paper departs from both approaches by showing that when Jewish intellectuals encountered Kantianism they found neither a universal rationality to which Judaism should conform, nor an esoteric Jewish metaphysics to which Kantian philosophy had already conformed, but something else entirely, namely a hostile philosophical religion that sought to reconstruct Judaism in its own image. As a result of the historical context in which this challenge arose, some Jewish intellectuals accepted this reconstruction as a rational reform, while others repudiated it as a Christian-rationalist assault on Jewish law and tradition. Characterized first by the absence of a defensive Jewish Schulmetaphysik that might combat Kantianism on its own grounds, and second by the preparedness of enlightened intellectuals to extort Jewish acceptance of Christian rationalism by withholding citizenship rights, this context made Kantian philosophy into an offer that was difficult for Jewish intellectuals to refuse, or accept.

中文翻译：

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康德哲学的早期犹太人接受

目前关于早期犹太人接受康德哲学的讨论主要由两种主要方法主导。根据第一个，这种接受受到普遍的启蒙理性主义的支配，这种理性主义存在于犹太教中，不亚于康德哲学。根据第二种观点，康德主义包含一种潜在的犹太卡巴拉哲学，这使得它对犹太知识分子具有吸引力。本文背离了这两种方法，表明当犹太知识分子遇到康德主义时，他们既没有发现犹太教应该遵循的普遍理性，也没有发现康德哲学已经遵循的深奥的犹太形而上学，而是完全不同的东西，即敌对的哲学宗教试图按照自己的形象重建犹太教。由于这一挑战出现的历史背景，一些犹太知识分子接受这种重建是一种理性的改革，而另一些人则否认它是对犹太法律和传统的基督教理性主义攻击。首先是没有防御性的犹太人舒尔形而上学第二，开明的知识分子准备通过剥夺公民权来勒索犹太人接受基督教理性主义，这种背景使康德哲学成为犹太知识分子难以拒绝或接受的提议。