While some American civil rights activists professed belief in the “philosophy of nonviolence,” others declared nonviolent civil disobedience to be “a tactic rather than a philosophy.” Like many dichotomies, the tactic-versus-philosophy distinction combined as much as it divided. Those who viewed nonviolence as a tactic or method were treated as akin regardless of how much they differed in their tactics or methods. Similarly, those who believed in the philosophy of nonviolence were lumped together with each other and with those who saw nonviolence as a “way of life.” The history of the tactic-versus-philosophy dichotomy provides a unique window on the role of nonviolence within the American civil rights movement.

中文翻译：

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一个危险的想法：作为策略和哲学的非暴力

虽然一些美国民权活动家自称相信“非暴力哲学”，但其他人则宣称非暴力公民不服从是“一种策略而不是一种哲学”。像许多二分法一样，战术与哲学的区别结合起来和分裂一样多。那些将非暴力视为一种策略或方法的人被视为相似，无论他们的策略或方法有多大不同。同样，那些相信非暴力哲学的人被混为一谈，也与那些将非暴力视为一种“生活方式”的人混为一谈。策略与哲学二分法的历史为了解非暴力在美国民权运动中的作用提供了一个独特的窗口。