Targeting is an important aim of social policy. Three case studies in this paper reflect typical short-comings in the targeting design of pension reforms. The first case study examines how well work disability and receipt of disability insurance match in Germany. We show that the 2001 reform has not systematically improved target quality. The second case study examines whether the 2014 introduction of a new pathway of early retirement without actuarial adjustments has reached individuals who are less healthy because they have worked a long time in an arduous job. We find that the target population is actually healthier than the comparison group. Third, a much discussed supplemental pension benefit for households in the risk of poverty will miss its target population in both relevant directions: Regarding the first, 23% of those pensioners who are not eligible are nevertheless poor in the sense of the new law. Regarding the other direction, 21% of the eligible pensioners belong to the wealthier half of German pensioners. Since similar reforms are currently debated in many European countries, the three German case studies may serve as examples of how to better target public pension policies.

中文翻译：

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目标缺失：利用关联 SHARE-RV 数据的三个案例研究

瞄准是社会政策的一个重要目标。本文的三个案例研究反映了养老金改革目标设计的典型缺陷。第一个案例研究考察了德国的工作残疾和残疾保险的接受程度。我们表明，2001 年的改革并没有系统地提高目标质量。第二个案例研究考察了 2014 年引入的无需精算调整的提前退休新途径是否已惠及因长期从事繁重工作而健康状况不佳的个人。我们发现目标人群实际上比对照组更健康。第三，针对处于贫困风险中的家庭的一项备受讨论的补充养老金福利将在两个相关方向上错失其目标人群：关于第一个，23% 没有资格的养老金领取者仍然是新法律意义上的穷人。另一方面，符合条件的养老金领取者中有 21% 属于较富裕的一半德国养老金领取者。由于目前许多欧洲国家都在讨论类似的改革，德国的三个案例研究可以作为如何更好地针对公共养老金政策的例子。