In South of Freedom (1952), Carl Rowan frames his travels through an investigation of the US South in terms of his doubts about cultural change, his safety, and whites’ and blacks’ willingness to participate in racial reform, among other things. His skepticism about improvements in race relations and his critique of the country's inadequate progress toward such goals inform his examination of various states of freedom and unfreedom existing in the United States. Rowan's narrative and specific descriptions of his and others’ mobility operate as instances of counter-storytelling that incorporate such skepticism and critique. Ultimately, his theorizing of modes of resistance to institutionalized racism through individual action serves as a model for understanding African American travel writing and mobility more generally.

中文翻译：

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非裔美国人旅行写作中的流动性、怀疑主义和反讲故事：卡尔·罗文的自由之南

在自由之南（1952 年），卡尔·罗文（Carl Rowan）通过对美国南部的调查，根据他对文化变革、他的安全以及白人和黑人参与种族改革的意愿等方面的怀疑来构建他的旅行。他对种族关系改善的怀疑以及对国家在实现这些目标方面进展不足的批评为他对美国存在的各种自由和不自由状态的研究提供了依据。罗文对他和其他人的流动性的叙述和具体描述作为反故事的实例，其中包含了这种怀疑和批评。最终，他通过个人行动对制度化种族主义的抵抗模式的理论化为更普遍地理解非裔美国人的旅行写作和流动性提供了一个模型。